DVIPS(1) TeXware DVIPS(1)
13 February 1992
NAME
dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript
SYNOPSIS
dvips [ options ] file[.dvi]
DESCRIPTION
The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by TeX (or by
some other processor such as GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript,
normally sending the result directly to the laserprinter. The DVI
file may be specified without the .dvi extension. Fonts used may
either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files,
or a `virtual' combination of both. If the MakeTeXPK program is
installed, dvips will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts
that don't already exist.
For more information, see the manual dvips.tex in the TEXINPUTS
directory. The manual can be printed with the following commands:
tex dvips
dvips dvips -o dvips.ps
lpr dvips.ps
OPTIONS
-a Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file instead
of two and only loading those characters actually used.
Generally only useful on machines with a very limited amount of
memory, like some PCs.
-A Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
-b num
Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
rather than using the #numcopies option. This can be useful in
conjunction with a header file setting char92bop-hook to do color
separations or other neat tricks.
-B Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
-c num
Generate num copies of every page. Default is 1. (For collated
copies, see the -C option below.)
-C num
Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
PostScript file). Slower than the -c option, but easier on the
hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file
multiple times.
-d num
Set the debug flags. This is intended only for emergencies or
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for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips
has been compiled with the DEBUG option. For more information on
possible values see section 15 of dvips.tex.
-D num
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num. This affects
the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the
positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be
between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and
vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater
than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also
be used.
-e num
Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
default value of this parameter is resolution dependent.
Allowing individual characters to `drift' from their correctly
rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true
position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing
of letters in words.
-E makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight
bounding box. This only works on one-page files, and it only
looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included
graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the tfm
file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may
confuse it. In addition, the bounding box might be a bit too
loose if the character glyph has significant left or right side
bearings. Nonetheless, this option works well for creating small
EPSF files for equations or tables or the like. (Note, of
course, that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus does
not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to be
scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)
-f Read the .dvi file from standard input and write the PostScript
to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so it
cannot be a pipe. If you must use a pipe, write a shell script
that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points
dvips at this file. This option also disables the automatic
reading of the PRINTER environment variable, and turns off the
automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with the -F
option or in the configuration file; use -F after this option if
you want both.
-F Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last
character of the PostScript file. This is useful when dvips is
driving the printer directly instead of working through a
spooler, as is common on extremely small systems. NOTE! DO NOT
USE THIS OPTION!
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-h name
Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
name is simply `-' suppress all header files from the output.)
This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.
-i Make each section be a separate file. Under certain
circumstances, dvips will split the document up into `sections'
to be processed independently; this is most often done for memory
reasons. Using this option tells dvips to place each section
into a separate file; the new file names are created replacing
the suffix of the supplied output file name by a three-digit
sequence number. This option is most often used in conjunction
with the -S option which sets the maximum section length in
pages. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more
than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of steam;
these options can be used to automatically split a book into
ten-page sections, each to its own file.
-k Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which
should be specified, either with a paper size special or with the
-T option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each
page by a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is
mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size
automatically.
-K This option causes comments in included PostScript graphics, font
files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes necessary to
get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-processing
programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments, when left in,
often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can cause some
included graphics to fail, since the PostScript header macros
from some software packages read portions of the input stream
line by line, searching for a particular comment. This option
has been turned off by default because PostScript previewers and
spoolers have been getting better.
-l num
The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default
is the last page in the document. If the num is prefixed by an
equals sign, then it (and any argument to the -p option) is
treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with
char92 count0 values. Thus, using -l =9 will end with the ninth
page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.
-m Specify manual feed for printer.
-M Turns off the automatic font generation facility. If any fonts
are missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to the
file missfont.log in the current directory; this file can then be
executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.
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-n num
At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
-N Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some
systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways,
or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of TranScript in
particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
-o name
The output will be sent to file name If no file name is given,
the default name is file.ps where the .dvi file was called
file.dvi; if this option isn't given, any default in the
configuration file is used. If the first character of the
supplied output file name is an exclamation mark, then the
remainder will be used as an argument to popen; thus, specifying
!lpr as the output file will automatically queue the file for
printing. This option also disables the automatic reading of the
PRINTER environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending
of control D if it was turned on with the -F option or in the
configuration file; use -F after this option if you want both.
-O offset
Move the origin by a certain amount. The offset is a comma-
separated pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm (in the same
syntax used in the papersize special). The origin of the page is
shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to
the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this
amount.
-p num
The first page printed will be the first one numbered num.
Default is the first page in the document. If the num is
prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the -l
option) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to
compare with char92 count0 values. Thus, using -p =3 will start
with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are
actually numbered.
-pp pagelist
A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be given,
which will be interpreted as char92 count0 values. Pages not
specified will not be printed. Multiple -pp options may be
specified or all pages and page ranges can be specified with one
-pp option.
-P printername
Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is
implemented by reading in config.printername , which can then set
the output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername as well as the font
paths and any other config.ps defaults for that printer only.
Note that config.ps is read before config.printername In
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addition, another file called ~/.dvipsrc is searched for
immediately after config.ps; this file is intended for user
defaults. If no -P command is given, the environment variable
PRINTER is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding
configuration file exists, that configuration file is read in.
-q Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.;
report nothing but errors to standard error.
-r Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be printed
first.
-s Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore
pair. This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is
thus not recommended, but is useful if you are driving the
printer directly and don't care too much about the portability of
the output.
-S num
Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option
is most commonly used with the -i option; see that documentation
above for more information.
-t papertype
This sets the paper type to papertype. The papertype should be
defined in one the appropriate code to select it. (Currently
known types include letter, legal, ledger, a4, a3, ) You can also
specify -t landscape, which rotates a document by 90 degrees. To
rotate a document whose size is not letter, you can use the -t
option twice, once for the page size, and once for landscape.
The upper left corner of each page in the .dvi file is placed one
inch from the left and one inch from the top. Use of this option
is highly dependent on the configuration file. Note that
executing the letter or a4 or other PostScript operators cause
the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print on
certain printers, so the paper size should not execute such an
operator if at all possible.
-T offset
Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions. This option
takes its arguments in the same style as -O. It overrides any
paper size special in the dvi file.
-U Disable a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that
stores the character metric information in the same string that
is used to store the bitmap information. This is only necessary
when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter. It is caused
by a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on the
bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive
this printer.
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DVIPS(1) TeXware DVIPS(1)
13 February 1992
-x num
Set the magnification ratio to num /1000. Overrides the
magnification specified in the .dvi file. Must be between 10 and
100000.
-X num
Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.
-Y num
Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.
-Z Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are
downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the PostScript font-
downloading information. Especially useful at high resolutions
or when very large fonts are used. Will slow down printing
somewhat, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers.
SEE ALSO
mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), dvips.tex.
DIAGNOSTICS
NOTES
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
AUTHOR
Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu>; extended to virtual fonts by
Don Knuth.
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