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tin(1) 1.9.6 tin(1)
A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

NAME
tin, rtin - A Usenet newsreader

DESCRIPTION
tin is a full-screen easy to use Usenet newsreader. It can read news
locally (e.g., /var/spool/news) or remotely (rtin or tin -r option)
via a NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) server. It will
automatically utilize NOV newsoverview(5) style index files if
available locally or via the NNTP [X]OVER command (RFC2980, RFC3977).

tin has four separate levels of operation: Selection level, Group
level, Thread level and Article level. Use the Help ('h') command to
view a list of the commands available at a particular level.

On startup tin will show a list of the newsgroups found in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc. An arrow '->' or highlighted bar will
point to the first newsgroup. Move to a group by using the terminal
arrow keys (terminal dependent) or Down ('j') and Up ('k'). Use
PgUp/PgDn (terminal dependent) or PageUp ('^U') (CTRL-U) and PageDown
('^D') (CTRL-D) to page up/down. Enter a newsgroup by pressing '<CR>'.

The GroupNextUnreadArtOrGrp ('<TAB>') key enters the next newsgroup
with unread articles.

EXIT STATUS
Interactive mode:

0 Successful program execution.

1 Usage, syntax, configuration file or network error.

Batch mode (''-Z''):

0 No unread news

1 Usage, syntax, configuration file or network error.

2 Unread news

OPTIONS
-a Toggle ANSI color (default is off).

-A Force authentication on initial connect.

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-c Create/update index files for every group in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc or file specified by the
''-f'' option and mark all articles as read.

-d Don't load newsgroup descriptions (interactive mode).

-D debug-level
Enter debug-level (1 = NNTP, 2 = filter, 4 = newsrc, 8 =
threading, 16 = memory, 32 = attributes, 64 = misc).

-f file Use the specified file of subscribed to newsgroups in
place of ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc.

-g server Use the server and newsrc specified in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/newsrctable.

-G article-limit
Limit the number of articles/group to retrieve from the
server.

-h Help listing all command-line options.

-H Brief introduction to tin that is also shown the first
time it is started.

-I dir Directory in which to store newsgroup index files. Default
is
${TIN_INDEX_NEWSDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news.
This option has no effect if tin retrieves its index files
via NNTP and cache_overview_files is turned off.

-l Get number of articles per group from the
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}
file. If reading via NNTP this is done with the LIST
command (RFC3977). This might result in incorrect article
counts but is usually faster than the default which is to
read the
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active} file
(either directly or via LIST) and then check the article
count via NNTP GROUP command (RFC3977) ''-ln''.

-m dir Mailbox directory to use. Default is
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/Mail.

-M user Mail unread articles to specified user for later reading.
For more information read section "AUTOMATIC MAILING AND
SAVING NEW NEWS".

-n Only load groups from the

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${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active} file
that are subscribed to in the user's
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc. This allows a noticeable
speedup when connecting via a slow line, but tin can not
tell which groups are moderated. See also ''-l''.

-N Mail unread articles to yourself for later reading. For
more information read section "AUTOMATIC MAILING AND
SAVING NEW NEWS".

-o Quick post all postponed articles and exit. In order for
this to be really quick, it should be used with ''-n'' if
possible.

-p port Port to use if reading via NNTP (default is 119). This
also overrides the environment variable $NNTPPORT if set.

-q Don't check for new newsgroups.

-Q Quick start. Start tin as quickly as possible. Currently
this is equivalent to ''-nqd''.

-r Read news remotely from the default NNTP server specified
in the environment variable $NNTPSERVER or contained in
the file /etc/nntpserver.

-R Read news saved by the ''-S'' option.

-s dir Save/read articles to/in directory. Default is
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/News.

-S Save unread articles for later reading by the ''-R''
option. For more information read section "AUTOMATIC
MAILING AND SAVING NEW NEWS".

-u Create/update index files for every group in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc or file specified by the
''-f'' option. This option is disabled if tin retrieves
its index files via a NNTP server and cache_overview_files
is turned off.

-v Verbose mode for ''-c'', ''-M'', ''-N'', ''-S'', ''-u''
and ''-Z'' options.

-V Print version and date information.

-w Quick mode to post an article and then exit. In order for
this to be really quick, it should be used with ''-n'' if
possible.

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-x No posting mode. You cannot post articles if you use this
option.

-X No overwrite mode. ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc and
files in ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin will not be
overwritten but may be created if they don't exist.

-z Only start tin if there is any new/unread news. If there
is news tin will position cursor at first group with
unread news. Useful for putting in login file.

-Z Check if there is any new/unread news and exit with
appropriate status. If ''-v'' option is specified the
number of unread articles in each group is printed. An
exit code 0 indicates no news, 1 that an error occurred
and 2 that new/unread news exists. Useful for writing
scripts.

tin can also dynamically change its options by the OptionMenu ('M')
command. Any changes are written to
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc. For more information see section
"GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" and tin(5).

A list of groups can be specified after the other command-line
options. This can be useful if you wish to yank in or subscribe to a
hand-picked subset of the active newsgroups. See the section
"NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILDCARDS" for the types of pattern that tin
understands.

If you specify a single group-name, or a wildcard that matches a
single group, then you will automatically enter that group. Otherwise
the normal group selection screen will appear, but with all the
matching groups present too, as though you had yanked just those
groups in.

With the ''-w'' flag a given group-name is used as default group to
post to. If more than one group or a wildcard is specified only the
first group respectively the first group that matches is used.

Once you use SelectYankActive ('y') to yank in all active groups, or
SelectToggleReadDisplay ('r') to toggle the read/unread status, then
the command-line groups will be gone. You can use SelectSyncWithActive
('Y') to reread the
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active} file and get
them back.

NB: With the ''-n'' flag, only unsubscribed groups in the
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc file (or the newsrc-file given by the
''-f'' command-line switch or via

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${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/newsrctable) can be matched.

Command-line options have higher priority than attributes and tinrc
options. Thus, command-line option takes precedence over configured
values.

USAGE
NEWS ADMINISTRATION
Maintaining Netnews on large networks of machines can be a pretty time
consuming job as I discovered when I was given the job of maintaining
our news system and news users.

A user starting tin for the first time can be automatically subscribed
to a list of newsgroups that are deemed appropriate by the news
administrator. The subscriptions file should be created in your news
lib directory (i.e., ${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/subscriptions) and
should have file permissions set to 0644. If you read news via NNTP,
then your news server must support the LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS command. It
is part of the NNTP List Extensions (RFC6048) and all modern servers
should understand it.

SCREEN FORMAT
tin has four separate levels of operation: Selection level, Group
level, Thread level and Article level.

At the Selection level the title displays (the name of the newsserver
and) the number of subscribed groups (containing new unread articles).
The newsgroups are displayed in the middle of the screen with the
number of unread articles displayed on the same line in front.

->M 1 2 comp.security.announce Announcements from the CERT abou
M 2 1 news.admin.announce Announcements for news adminstra
3 22 news.software.misc News-related software other than
4 1475 news.software.nntp The Network News Transfer Protoc
X 5 124 news.software.readers Discussion of software used to r

There may also be a character prefixing the line. An explanation
follows:

u This group is unsubscribed. To see only your subscribed
groups use the SelectToggleReadDisplay ('r') or
SelectYankActive ('y') toggle keys.

M This is a moderated group. Any posts you make will have to
be approved by the group administrator before it will be
made public. tin will ask for confirmation before you post
to a moderated group.

N This is a new newsgroup which has been created since you

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A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

last used tin. New newsgroups are not subscribed to by
default (However, see the $AUTOSUBSCRIBE / $AUTOUNSUBSCRIBE
environment variables). Subscribe to it in the normal way
if you wish the group to continue to appear in your
Selection Menu. Simply ignore new newsgroups and they will
be gone the next time you start tin. You will have to yank
in all the groups to find them in a later session.

D This group no longer exists. If you no longer wish to see
this group then unsubscribe from it in the normal way. This
flag will only appear if you have set strip_bogus to "ask"
in the Options Menu.

X You may no longer make posts to this group. Often a group
will be superseded by a more appropriately named one.

= This group has been renamed and you may no longer post to
it. If you do, then you will receive an error from your
newsserver telling you the correct group to post to.

At the Group level the title contains the name of the group, the
number of conversation threads, the threading method, the limit of
articles to get, the total number of articles, the number of hot
articles, the number of recent articles and the number of killed
articles. I.e.:

alt.sources (5B -50/23+ 0* 3o 0K)

The characters after the numbers are depending to the configuration
and if your are in show_only_unread_arts mode or not. Some numbers
could be missing if the specific option is not enabled. It might also
contain an 'M', 'X' or '=' (see above; doesn't work with the ''-n''
command-line switch!) if the group is moderated, set to no posting or
postings to it get redirected.

If a thread has unread articles in it it's marked with a
art_marked_unread in front of the total number of articles in the
thread. If there are recent articles within the thread it might be
marked with art_marked_recent in front of the total number of articles
in the thread - this is controlled by the recent_time option. If a
thread has hot articles in it (see also section "FILTERING ARTICLES")
it's marked with art_marked_selected in front of the total number of
articles in the thread. The number of lines of the first (unread)
article in the thread might also be shown right before the subject -
this is controlled by the show_info option.

de.admin.net-abuse.announce (11B 13+ 1* 1o 0K) M

-> 1 + 3 108 bincancels in de.talk.sex Christopher Lueg <l

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A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

2 + 69 EMP/ECP gecancelt. xynx. BI= 10 Henning Weede <hwee
3 o 93 EMP gecancelt. SouthBeach/Palms Henning Weede <hwee
4 * 368 <1997-11-12> Fremdcancel-FAQ Thomas Roessler <ro

At the Thread level the screen usually (depends on the threading
method used) looks like this:

-> 1 [ 7] What is this funny tree in the thr Robert F. Simmig
2 [ 12] +-> Sephan Wagner <s
3 [ 230] | `->Tin thread-level (was: What is Bob Johnson <bob
4 [ 22] `->tin threading menu Brian Richardson

At the Article level the page header has the following format:

Sun, 28 Dec 1997 21:21:01 de.admin.news.groups Thread 20 of 86
Lines 50 Re: EINSPRUCH zu RESULT:de.comm.mobil.ALL Article 47 of 59
Urs Janssen <urs@akk.org> at Arbeitskreis Kultur und Kommunikati

article-body

COMMON MOVING KEYS
This table shows the common keys used for moving around all levels
within tin.
ANSI/vt100 Other Terminals
Beg. of list/article Home FirstPage (^)
End of list/article End LastPage ($)
Page Up PgUp PageUp (u, ^U or ^B)
Page Down PgDn PageDown (^D or ^F or <SPACE>)
Line Up Up arrow Up (k or ^P)
Line Down Down arrow Down (j or ^N)

COMMON EDITING COMMANDS
An emacs style editing package allows the easy editing of input
strings. An history list allows the easy reuse of previously entered
strings. In addition to the cursor keys, the following commands are
available when editing a string:

^A, ^E move to beginning or end of line, respectively.

^F, ^B non-destructive move forward or back one location,
respectively.

^D delete the character currently under the cursor, or send EOF
if no characters in the buffer.

^H, <DEL> delete character left of the cursor.

^K delete from cursor to end of line.

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^P, ^N move through history, previous and next, respectively.

^L, ^R redraw the current line.

<CR> places line on history list if non-blank, appends newline
and returns to the caller.

<ESC> aborts the present editing operation.

GLOBAL COMMANDS
The following commands are available at all 4 menu levels and always
have the same effect.

ShellEscape '!'
Shell escape. ShellEscape by itself will launch a shell,
ShellEscape <command> will run an external <command>. This
facility may have been disabled by the System Administrator.

ToggleColor '&'
Toggle use of ANSI color.

RedrawScr '^L'
Redraw the current screen.

ScrollUp '<'
Scroll screen up by one line.

ScrollDown '>'
Scroll screen down by one line.

Postponed 'O' '^O'
Reload postponed article. If your system blocks the
Postponed key you must quote it by pressing '^V' (CTRL-V)
first. The postpone-menu offers the following actions:
PromptYes ('y') = reload and spawn editor; PostponeOverride
('Y') = post article (without spawning editor); PostponeAll
('A') = post all postponed articles (without spawning
editor); PromptNo ('n') = skip this article; Quit ('q') =
quit postponed menu. Currently there is no 'simple' way to
delete a postponed article from the postponed-file, you have
to use the following command sequence instead: reload it
with Postponed, enter editor with PromptYes, quit editor,
discard posting with Quit ('^O''y''q'). See also ''-o''
command-line switch.

Help 'h' Help screen of commands available on the current menu. You
can use SearchSubjF ('/'), SearchSubjB ('?') and
SearchRepeat ('\') to search on this screen. Quit ('q')
returns to the menu.

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ToggleHelpDisplay 'H'
Toggle the display of help mini menu at the bottom of the
screen.

DisplayPostHist 'W'
List articles posted by user. The date posted, the newsgroup
and the subject are listed. You can use SearchSubjF ('/'),
SearchSubjB ('?') and SearchRepeat ('\') to search on this
screen. Quit ('q') returns to the menu.

Version 'v'
Print tin version information.

NEWSGROUP SELECTION COMMANDS
4 Select group 4.

SelectResetNewsrc '^R'
Reset ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc file. This will
destroy all records of which articles have been read, so use
this carefully.

SetRange '#'
Choose a range of articles to be affected by the next
command. See the section "RANGES" for more information.

SelectSortActive '.'
Sort the list of newsgroups.

SearchRepeat ''
Repeat the previous search.

SearchSubjF '/'
Search for a group by name and description (if displayed).

SearchSubjB '?'
Backward search through the group names and descriptions.

SelectReadGrp '^J' '<CR>'
Read current group.

SelectEnterNextUnreadGrp '<TAB>' 'n'
Enter next group with unread news. Will wrap around to the
beginning of the group selection list looking for unread
groups.

Catchup 'c'
Make current group as all read [after confirmation] and move
to the next group in the group selection list.

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CatchupNextUnread 'C'
Mark current group as all read [after confirmation] and
enter the next unread group in the group selection list.

SelectToggleDescriptions 'd'
Toggle display to show just the group name or the group name
and the group descriptions.

EditFilter 'E'
Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

SelectGoto 'g'
Choose a new group by name. This command can be used to
access any group, even those not currently yanked in.

ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
Toggle the display of the description of the current
newsgroup in the last line. This will not be available if
tin was started with the ''-d'' option.

ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
Toggle inverse video.

SelectMoveGrp 'm'
Move the current group within the group selection list. By
entering '1' the group will become the first displayed group
in the list, by entering '8' the eighth group in the list
etc. By entering '$' the group will be the last group
displayed.

OptionMenu 'M'
User configurable options menu (for more information see
section "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE
VARIABLES").

SelectNextUnreadGrp 'N'
Positions the cursor on the next group with unread articles
in it.

Quit 'q' Quit tin - ask the user to confirm if confirm_choice is set
accordingly.

QuitTin 'Q'
Quit tin - don't ask the user to confirm.

SelectToggleReadDisplay 'r'
Toggle display of all subscribed to groups and just those
groups containing unread articles. Command has no effect if
groups were specified on the command-line when tin was

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started.

BugReport 'R'
Mail a bug report or comment to <tin-bugs@tin.org>. This is
the best way of getting bugs fixed and features
added/changed.

SelectSubscribe 's'
Subscribe to current group.

SelectSubscribePat 'S'
Subscribe to groups matching user specified pattern. See the
section "NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILDCARDS" for the types of
pattern that tin understands.

SelectUnsubscribe 'u'
Unsubscribe to current group. This can be used to remove
bogus groups. See strip_bogus in the "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU
AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" section.

SelectUnsubscribePat 'U'
Unsubscribe to groups matching user specified pattern. See
the section "NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILDCARDS" for the types of
pattern that tin understands.

Post 'w' Post an article to current group. If posting fails for some
reason, you'll get the chance to PostEdit ('e') the article
again, PostPostpone ('o') it for later processing (see also
''-o'' command-line switch) or discard it via Quit ('q').

SelectQuitNoWrite 'X'
Quit tin without saving any changes to the configuration.

SelectYankActive 'y'
Yanks in all groups. Toggles the displayed groups between
all the groups in the
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active} file
and just those that are subscribed to in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc.

SelectSyncWithActive 'Y'
Reread the
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active} file
to see if any new news has arrived since starting tin.

SelectMarkGrpUnread 'z' 'Z'
Mark all articles in the current group as unread.

GROUP INDEX COMMANDS

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4 Select article 4.

MenuFilterSelect '^A'
Auto select article(s) using a menu. Read the section
"FILTERING ARTICLES" for more information.

MenuFilterKill '^K'
Kill article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING
ARTICLES" for more information.

MarkFeedRead '^X'
Mark current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot)
articles, articles matching pattern or tagged articles as
read. A prompt asks which type should be marked.

MarkFeedUnread '^W'
Mark current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot)
articles, articles matching pattern or tagged articles as
unread. A prompt asks which type should be marked.

SetRange '#'
Choose a range of articles to be affected by the next
command. See the section "RANGES" for more information.

LastViewed '-'
Re-enter the last message that was viewed.

SearchRepeat ''
Repeat the previous search

SearchSubjF '/'
Search forward for specified subject.

SearchSubjB '?'
Search backward for specified subject.

GroupSelThd '*'
Select current thread for later processing.

GroupDoAutoSel '+'
Selects all threads in current group. It is a shortcut for
calling GroupSelPattern with a pattern of ''*''.

GroupToggleThdSel '.'
Toggle selection of current thread. If at least one unread
article, (but not every unread article) in the current
thread is selected, then all unread articles become
selected.

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GroupSelThdIfUnreadSelected ';'
For each thread in current group, if it at least one unread
article is selected, all unread articles become selected.
This is useful for auto-selection on author where reader
wants to see entire thread.

GroupSelPattern '='
Prompts for a pattern with which to match on. All threads
whose subjects match the pattern will be marked selected. A
pattern of ''*'' will match all subjects. Entering just
'<CR>' will re-use the last pattern that was entered.

GroupReverseSel '@'
Reverse all selections on all articles.

GroupUndoSel '~'
Undo all selections on all articles. It clears the toggle
effect of GroupMarkUnselArtRead ('X') command. Thus after
first doing a GroupMarkUnselArtRead, one can then do
GroupUndoSel to reset articles. Thus, one can iteratively
whittle down uninteresting threads.

Pipe '|' Pipe current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles into command.
See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND
SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

QuickFilterSelect '['
Auto select article(s) with a single key [after
confirmation]. The defaults used for selection are based
upon the following four tinrc config variables:
default_filter_select_case, default_filter_select_expire,
default_filter_select_global and
default_filter_select_header. Read the section "GLOBAL
OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" for a full
explanation of these variables and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for
more information on filtering.

QuickFilterKill ']'
Kill article(s) with a single key [after confirmation]. The
defaults used for killing are based upon the following four
tinrc config variables: default_filter_kill_case,
default_filter_kill_expire, default_filter_kill_global and
default_filter_kill_header. Read the section "GLOBAL
OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" for a full
explanation of these variables and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for
more information on filtering.

GroupReadBasenote '^J' '<CR>'

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Read current article.

GroupNextUnreadArtOrGrp '<TAB>'
View next unread article or group.

SearchAuthF 'a'
Author forward search. This searches for articles with a
specific ''From:'' line.

SearchAuthB 'A'
Author backward search. Otherwise, see SearchAuthF ('a')
above.

SearchBody 'B'
Search the body of all articles in group (can be slow). You
can abort the search using Quit ('q').

Catchup 'c'
Mark all articles as read [after confirmation] then return
to the group selection list. Move cursor to next group.

CatchupNextUnread 'C'
Mark all articles as read [after confirmation] and enter the
next group with unread news.

GroupToggleSubjDisplay 'd'
Cycle the display of the author through all the possible
options for the tinrc variable show_author.

GroupCancel 'D'
Cancel (delete) or supersede (overwrite) the current
article. It must have been posted by the same user. The
cancel message can be seen in the newsgroup 'control' or
'control.cancel'.

EditFilter 'E'
Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

GroupGoto 'g'
Choose a new group by name. This command can be used to
access any group, even those not currently yanked in.

GroupToggleGetartLimit 'G'
Toggle article/group limit.

ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
Display the subject of the first article in the current
thread in the last line.

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ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
Toggle inverse video.

GroupMarkThdRead 'K'
Mark article/thread as read and move onto the next unread
article/thread. If a range of articles/threads is set, the
range will be marked as read instead of the current
article/thread. When tagged articles/threads are present, a
prompt asks how to proceed.

GroupListThd 'l'
Open the thread under the current cursor position.

LookupMessage 'L'
Look up article by ''Message-ID:''.

GroupMail 'm'
Mail current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles to someone.
See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND
SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

OptionMenu 'M'
User configurable options menu (for more information see
section "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE
VARIABLES").

GroupNextGroup 'n'
Go to next group.

GroupNextUnreadArt 'N'
Go to next unread article.

Print 'o' Send current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles to printer.
See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND
SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

GroupPrevGroup 'p'
Go to previous group.

GroupPrevUnreadArt 'P'
Go to previous unread article.

Quit 'q' Return to previous level.

QuitTin 'Q'
Quit tin - don't ask the user to confirm.

- 15 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

GroupToggleReadUnread 'r'
Toggle the display between all articles and unread articles.

BugReport 'R'
Mail a bug report or comment to <tin-bugs@tin.org>. This is
the best way of getting bugs fixed and features
added/changed.

GroupSave 's'
Save current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles. See the
section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND SAVING
ARTICLES" for more information.

GroupAutoSave 'S'
Save marked articles automatically without further
prompting.

GroupTag 't'
Toggle tag-status of current article / thread for GroupMail
('m') / Pipe ('|') / Print ('o') / GroupSave ('s') /
GroupRepost ('x').

GroupTagParts 'T'
Automatically tag in order all the parts of the current
multi-part message.

GroupToggleThreading 'u'
Cycle the threading mode through no threading, threading by
subject, threading by references, threading on both subject
and references, group multipart articles into a thread
(''Subject:'' based).

GroupUntag 'U'
Untag all articles that were tagged.

Post 'w' Post an article to current group. If posting fails for some
reason, you'll get the chance to edit the article again via
PostEdit ('e'), postpone it via PostPostpone ('o') for later
processing (see also ''-o'' command-line switch) or discard
it via Quit ('q').

GroupRepost 'x'
Repost an already posted article / thread / auto-selected
(hot) articles / articles matching pattern / tagged articles
to another newsgroup(s). Useful for reposting from global to
local newsgroups. Do not use this to cross-post your own
articles.

- 16 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

GroupMarkUnselArtRead 'X'
Mark all unread articles that have not been selected as
read, redraw screen to reflect changes and put index at the
first thread to begin reading. Pressing
GroupMarkUnselArtRead ('X') again will toggle back to the
way it was before. See GroupUndoSel ('~') command for
clearing the toggle effect, leaving the group will also
clear the toggle effect and make the changes permanent.

MarkArtUnread 'z'
Mark current article as unread.

MarkThdUnread 'Z'
Mark current thread as unread. If a range of threads is set,
the range will be marked as unread instead of the current
thread. When tagged threads are present, a prompt asks how
to proceed.

THREAD LISTING COMMANDS
4 Select article 4 within thread.

MenuFilterSelect '^A'
Auto select article(s) using a menu. Read the section
"FILTERING ARTICLES" for more information.

MenuFilterKill '^K'
Kill article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING
ARTICLES" for more information.

MarkFeedRead '^X'
Mark current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot)
articles, articles matching pattern or tagged articles as
read. A prompt asks which type should be marked.

MarkFeedUnread '^W'
Mark current article, thread, range, auto-selected (hot)
articles, articles matching pattern or tagged articles as
unread. A prompt asks which type should be marked.

SetRange '#'
Choose a range of articles to be affected by the next
command. See the section "RANGES" for more information.

LastViewed '-'
Re-enter the last message that was viewed.

SearchRepeat ''
Repeat the previous search.

- 17 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

SearchSubjF '/'
Search forward for a specified subject.

SearchSubjB '?'
Search backwards for a specified subject.

ThreadSelArt '*'
Select the current thread for later processing.

ThreadToggleArtSel '.'
Toggle selection of current article.

ThreadReverseSel '@'
Reverse article selections.

ThreadUndoSel '~'
Undo all selections on current thread.

ThreadReadArt '^J' '<CR>'
Read current article within thread.

ThreadReadNextArtOrThread '<TAB>'
View next unread article within thread.

SearchAuthF 'a'
Author forward search. This searches for articles with a
specific ''From:'' line. The search will wrap over into the
next thread if nothing is found in the current one.

SearchAuthB 'A'
Author backward search. Otherwise, see SearchAuthF ('a')
above.

SearchBody 'B'
Search the body of all articles in group (can be slow). You
can abort the search using Quit ('q').

Catchup 'c'
Mark thread as read [after confirmation] and return to the
group index page. Move cursor to next thread.

CatchupNextUnread 'C'
Mark thread as read [after confirmation] and enter the next
thread containing unread news.

- 18 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

ThreadToggleSubjDisplay 'd'
Cycle the display of the author through all the possible
options for the tinrc variable show_author.

ThreadCancel 'D'
Cancel (delete) or supersede (overwrite) the current
article. It must have been posted by the same user. The
cancel message can be seen in the newsgroup 'control' or
'control.cancel'.

EditFilter 'E'
Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
Display the subject of the current article in the last line.

ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
Toggle inverse video.

ThreadMarkArtRead 'K'
Mark article as read and move onto the next unread article.
If a range of articles is set, the range will be marked as
read instead of the current article. When tagged articles
are present, a prompt asks how to proceed.

LookupMessage 'L'
Look up article by ''Message-ID:''.

ThreadMail 'm'
Mail current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles to someone.
See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND
SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

Quit 'q' Return to previous level.

QuitTin 'Q'
Quit tin - don't ask the user to confirm.

BugReport 'R'
Mail a bug report or comment to <tin-bugs@tin.org>. This is
the best way of getting bugs fixed and features
added/changed.

- 19 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

ThreadSave 's'
Save current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles. See the
section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND SAVING
ARTICLES" for more information.

ThreadAutoSave 'S'
Save marked articles automatically without further
prompting.

ThreadTag 't'
Toggle tag status of current article for mailing, piping,
printing, saving or reposting.

ThreadUntag 'U'
Untag all tagged threads.

Post 'w' Post an article to current group. If posting fails for some
reason, you'll get the chance to edit the article again via
PostEdit ('e'), postpone it for later processing via
PostPostpone ('o') (see also ''-o'' command-line switch) or
discard it via Quit ('q').

MarkArtUnread 'z'
Mark current article in thread as unread. If a range of
articles is set, the range will be marked as unread instead
of the current article. When tagged articles are present, a
prompt asks how to proceed.

MarkThdUnread 'Z'
Mark all articles in thread as unread.

ARTICLE VIEWER COMMANDS
0 Read the first (base) article in this thread.

4 Read response 4 in this thread.

MenuFilterSelect '^A'
Auto select article(s) using a menu. Read the section
"FILTERING ARTICLES" for more information.

PageReplyQuoteHeaders '^E'
Reply through mail to the author of the current article with
a copy of the article with all headers included.

PagePGPCheckArticle '^G'
Perform pgp(1) operations on article.

PageToggleHeaders '^H'

- 20 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

Toggles the display mode (raw including all headers vs.
cooked).

MenuFilterKill '^K'
Kill article(s) using a menu. Read the section "FILTERING
ARTICLES" for more information.

PageToggleTabs '^T'
Toggle the TAB width between 4 and 8 characters.

PageFollowupQuoteHeaders '^W'
Post a followup to the current article with a copy of the
article with all headers included.

PageToggleTex2iso '"'
Toggle TeX to ISO decoding for current article. The default
behavior is taken from the tex2iso_conv variable in the
tinrc file.

PageToggleRot '%'
Toggle ROT-13 decoding for this article.

PageToggleUue '('
Toggle the display of uuencoded sections. The default
behavior is taken from the hide_uue variable in the tinrc
file.

PageReveal ')'
The formfeed character (^L) is often used to hide 'spoilers'
that the reader may not initially wish to see when viewing
an article. Any text after a formfeed is not displayed. This
key-press acts like a reveal key and turns the hidden text
back on. Scrolling down will also reveal the text, scrolling
up will hide it again.

LastViewed '-'
Re-enter the last message that was viewed.

SearchRepeat ''
Repeat the previous search.

SearchSubjF '/'
Forward search the text of this article.

SearchSubjB '?'
Backward search the text of this article.

PageSkipIncludedText ':'
Skip to the end of the next quoted text-block in this

- 21 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

article. Quoted text is everything which matches
quote_regex, quote_regex2 or quote_regex3.

PageTopThd '<'
Goto the first article in the current thread.

PageBotThd '>'
Goto the last article in the current thread.

PageToggleHighlight '_'
Toggle word highlighting on/off.

QuickFilterSelect '['
Auto select article(s) with a single key. The defaults used
for selection are set based upon the following four tinrc
config variables: default_filter_select_case,
default_filter_select_expire, default_filter_select_global
and default_filter_select_header Read the section "GLOBAL
OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" for a full
explanation of these variables and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for
more information on filtering.

QuickFilterKill ']'
Kill article(s) with a single key. The defaults used for
killing are based upon the following four tinrc config
variables: default_filter_kill_case,
default_filter_kill_expire, default_filter_kill_global and
default_filter_kill_header. Read the section "GLOBAL
OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES" for a full
explanation of these variables and "FILTERING ARTICLES" for
more information on filtering.

PageNextThd '^J' '<CR>'
Goto next base article.

PageNextUnread '<TAB>'
Goto next unread article. If the tinrc variable
goto_next_unread doesn't contain PageNextUnread, then this
key will first page through the current article.

SearchAuthF 'a'
Author forward search.

SearchAuthB 'A'

- 22 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

Author backward search.

SearchBody 'B'
Search the body of all articles in group (can be slow). You
can abort the search using Quit ('q').

Catchup 'c'
Mark the current thread as read [after confirmation] and
return to the previous menu. Move cursor to next item.

CatchupNextUnread 'C'
Mark the rest of the current thread as read [after
confirmation] and enter the next thread with unread
articles.

PageCancel 'D'
Cancel (delete) or supersede (overwrite) the current
article. It must have been posted by the same user. The
cancel message can be seen in the newsgroup 'control' or
'control.cancel'.

PageEditArticle 'e'
Edit the current article. This is restricted to mailgroups
and saved news.

EditFilter 'E'
Edit the filter file and reload it afterwards.

PageFollowupQuote 'f'
Post a followup to the current article with a copy of the
article included.

PageFollowup 'F'
Post a followup to the current article without including a
copy of the article.

PageFirstPage 'g'
Goto the start of the article.

PageLastPage 'G'
Goto the end of the article.

ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
Display the subject of the current article in the last line.

ToggleInverseVideo 'I'
Toggle inverse video.

PageKillThd 'K'

- 23 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

Mark rest of thread as read and move onto the next unread
thread.

PageListThd 'l'
Show the thread menu that the current article is a part of.

LookupMessage 'L'
Look up article by ''Message-ID:''.

PageMail 'm'
Mail current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles to someone.
See the section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND
SAVING ARTICLES" for more information.

OptionMenu 'M'
User configurable options menu (for more information see
section "GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE
VARIABLES").

PageNextArt 'n'
Go to the next article.

PageNextUnreadArt 'N'
Go to the next unread article.

PagePrevArt 'p'
Go to the previous article.

PagePrevUnreadArt 'P'
Go to the previous unread article.

Quit 'q' Return to the previous level.

QuitTin 'Q'
Quit tin - don't ask the user to confirm.

PageReplyQuote 'r'
Reply through mail to the author of the current article with
a copy of the article included.

PageReply 'R'
Reply through mail to the author of the current article
without including the original article.

- 24 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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A Usenet newsreader A Usenet newsreader

November 26th, 2010

PageSave 's'
Save current article / thread / auto-selected (hot) articles
/ articles matching pattern / tagged articles. See the
section "MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND SAVING
ARTICLES" for more information.

PageAutoSave 'S'
Save marked articles automatically without further
prompting.

PageTag 't'
Toggle tag status of current article for mailing, piping,
printing, saving or reposting.

PageGroupSel 'T'
Return to group selection level.

PageGotoParent 'u'
Goto parent article.

PageViewUrl 'U'
Display a list of URLs in the current article. See the
section "URL LISTING" for more information.

PageViewAttach 'V'
Display a list of attachments of the current article. See
the section "ATTACHMENT LISTING" for more information.

Post 'w' Post an article to the current group. If posting fails for
some reason, you'll get the chance to edit the article again
via PostEdit ('e'), postpone it for later processing via
PostPostpone ('o') (see also ''-o'' command-line switch) or
discard it via Quit ('q').

PageRepost 'x'
Repost an already posted article / thread / auto-selected
(hot) articles / articles matching pattern / tagged articles
to another newsgroup(s). Useful for reposting from global to
local newsgroups. Do not use this to crosspost your own
articles.

MarkArtUnread 'z'
Mark article as unread.

MarkThdUnread 'Z'
Mark the current thread as unread.

URL LISTING
PageViewUrl ('U') displays a list of URLs in the current article.

- 25 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

Besides the common moving keys, the following commands are available:

UrlSelect '^J' '<CR>'
The current URL will be prompted and opened using the
url_handler. '<ESC>' or no input will skip the URL.

SearchSubjF '/'
URL forward search.

SearchSubjB '?'
URL backward search.

SearchRepeat ''
Repeat the previous search.

ShellEscape '!'
Shell escape.

ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
Toggle the display of the current URL in the last line.

Help 'h' Help screen of commands available.

ToggleHelpDisplay 'H'
Toggle the display of help mini menu at the bottom of
the screen.

ATTACHMENT LISTING
PageViewAttach ('V') displays a list of attachments of the current
article. Besides the common moving keys, the following commands are
available:

AttachPipe 'p'
Pipe attachment into command.

AttachSave 's'
Save current attachment / tagged attachments to disk.

AttachSelect '^J' '<CR>'
View attachment.

AttachTag 't'
Tag one or more attachments for saving.

AttachTagPattern '='
Prompts for a pattern to match. All attachments whose
name/description or content type/transfer encoding match
the pattern will be tagged.

- 26 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

AttachToggleTagged '@'
Reverse tagging of all attachments.

AttachUntag 'U'
Untag all tagged attachments.

SearchSubjF '/'
Attachment forward search.

SearchSubjB '?'
Attachment backward search.

SearchRepeat ''
Repeat the previous search.

GlobalPipe '|'
Pipe attachment into command. Uses the raw attachment,
no decoding is done.

ShellEscape '!'
Shell escape.

ToggleInfoLastLine 'i'
Toggle the display of the name/description of the
current attachment in the last line.

Help 'h' Help screen of commands available.

ToggleHelpDisplay 'H'
Toggle the display of help mini menu at the bottom of
the screen.

GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU AND TINRC CONFIGURABLE VARIABLES
At startup, tin reads in the configuration files (see also tin(5)).
They contain a list of variables that can be used to configure the way
tin works. If it exists, the global configuration file,
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/tinrc is read. After that, the user's own
configuration file is read from ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc.
The global file is useful for distributing system-wide defaults to new
users who have no private tinrc yet.

The variables are user configurable by editing
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc directly. Most of them can also be
set in the GLOBAL OPTIONS MENU which is accessed by pressing
OptionMenu ('M') at all levels. It allows the user to customize the
behavior of tin. The options are saved to the file
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc when you exit tin so don't edit the
file directly whilst tin is running.

- 27 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

In the options menu use the cursor keys in the usual way to move
around. Use ConfigSelect ('^J' or '<CR>') to 'open' the option you
wish to change. You will need to enter a new value or use '<SPACE>' to
toggle the available options. ConfigSelect will save the new value,
'<ESC>' will abort without saving changes.

As with the other menus, RedrawScr ('^L') will redraw the screen. You
can use SearchSubjF ('/'), SearchSubjB ('?') and SearchRepeat ('\') to
search for a specific option. Use Quit ('q') to exit the option menu
and keep your changes. Use QuitTin ('Q') to exit without keeping your
changes.

The options menu provides access to the attributes menu for the
current group by the ConfigToggleAttrib ('<TAB>') command. Pressing
ConfigToggleAttrib again toggles back to the options menu. For more
information see section "ATTRIBUTES MENU AND GROUP ATTRIBUTES".

The ConfigScopeMenu ('S') command brings up the scopes menu. For more
information see section "SCOPES MENU".

Here is a full list of all the available variables. The name in braces
is the name of the corresponding setting in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/tinrc.

Abbreviate long newsgroup names (abbreviate_groupname)
If ON abbreviate long newsgroup names at group selection level and
article level (if necessary) like this: news.software.readers ->
n.software.readers -> n.s.readers -> n.s.r. Default is OFF.

Add posted articles to filter (add_posted_to_filter)
If ON add posted articles which start a new thread to filter for
highlighting follow-ups. Default is ON.

Insert 'User-Agent:'-header (advertising)
Turn ON advertising in header (''User-Agent:''). Default is ON.

Skip multipart/alternative parts (alternative_handling)
If ON strip multipart/alternative messages automatically. Default
is ON.

Character to show deleted articles (art_marked_deleted)
The character used to show that an article was deleted. Default is
'D'.

Character to show inrange articles (art_marked_inrange)
The character used to show that an article is in a range. Default
is '#'.

Character to show returning arts (art_marked_return)

- 28 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

The character used to show that an article will return as an
unread article when the group is next entered. Default is '-'.

Character to show selected articles (art_marked_selected)
The character used to show that an article/thread is auto-selected
(hot). Default is '*'.

Character to show recent articles (art_marked_recent)
The character used to show that an article/thread is recent (not
older than X days). See also recent_time. Default is 'o'.

Character to show unread articles (art_marked_unread)
The character used to show that an article has not been read.
Default is '+'.

Character to show read articles (art_marked_read)
The character used to show that an article was read. Default is '
'.

Character to show killed articles (art_marked_killed)
The character used to show that an article was killed. Default is
'K'. kill_level must be set accordingly.

Character to show read selected arts
The character used to show that an article was hot before it was
read. Default is ':'. kill_level must be set accordingly.

Ask before using MIME viewer (ask_for_metamail)
If ON tin will ask before using a MIME viewer (metamail_prog) to
display MIME messages. This only occurs if a MIME viewer is set.
Default is OFF.

Send you a cc and/or bcc
Automatically put your name in the ''Cc:'' and/or ''Bcc:'' field
when mailing an article. Default is No.

List thread using right arrow key
If ON automatically list thread when entering it using right arrow
key. Default is ON.

Reconnect to server automatically (auto_reconnect)
Default is OFF.

Use Archive-name: header for save (auto_save)
If ON articles/threads with ''Archive-name:'' in header will be
automatically saved with the Archive-name & part/patch no and post
processed if post_process_type is set to something other than
'No'. Default is OFF.

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November 26th, 2010

Save articles in batch mode (batch_save)
If set ON articles/threads will be saved in batch mode when save
''-S'' or mail ''-M, -N'' is specified on the command line.
Default is ON.

Show mini menu & posting etiquette
If set ON a mini menu of the most useful commands will be
displayed at the bottom of the screen for each level. Also a short
posting etiquette will be displayed after composing an article.
Default is ON.

Cache NNTP overview files locally (cache_overview_files)
If ON, create local copies of NNTP overview files. This can be
used to considerably speed up accessing large groups when using a
slow connection. See also "INDEX FILES". Default is OFF.

Catchup read groups when quitting (catchup_read_groups)
If set ON the user is asked when quitting if all groups read
during the current session should be marked read. Default is OFF.

Standard background color (col_back)
Standard background color

Color of sender (From:) (col_from)
Color of sender (From:)

Color of article header lines (col_head)
Color of header-lines

Color of help text (col_help)
Color of help pages

Color for inverse text (background) (col_invers_bg)
Color of background for inverse text

Color for inverse text (foreground) (col_invers_fg)
Color of foreground for inverse text

Color of highlighting with _dash_ (col_markdash)
Color of words emphasized like _this_. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

Color of highlighting with /slash/ (col_markslash)
Color of words emphasized like /this/. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

Color of highlighting with *stars* (col_markstar)
Color of words emphasized like *this*. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

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November 26th, 2010

Color of highlighting with -stroke- (col_markstroke)
Color of words emphasized like -this-. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

Color of mini help menu (col_minihelp)
Color of mini help menu

Color of actual news header fields
Color of actual news header fields

Standard foreground color (col_normal)
Standard foreground color

Color of quoted lines (col_quote)
Color of quoted lines

Color of twice quoted line (col_quote2)
Color of twice quoted lines

Color of =>3 times quoted line
Color of >=3 times quoted lines

Color of response counter (col_response)
Color of response counter. This is the text that says "Response x
of y" in the article viewer.

Color of signatures (col_signature)
Color of signatures

Color of urls highlight (col_urls)
Color of urls highlight

Color of verbatim blocks (col_verbatim)
Color of verbatim blocks

Color of article subject lines (col_subject)
Color of article subject

Color of text lines (col_text)
Color of text-lines

Color of help/mail sign (col_title)
Color of help/mail sign

Which actions require confirmation (confirm_choice)
Ask for manual confirmation to protect the user.

+ commands Ask for confirmation before executing certain
dangerous commands (e.g., Catchup ('c')). Commands that this

- 31 - Formatted: April 25, 2024

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November 26th, 2010

affects are marked in this manual with '[after confirmation]'.
Default is commands & quit.

+ quit You'll be asked to confirm that you wish to exit tin when
you use the Quit ('q') command.

+ select Ask for confirmation before marking all not selected
(with GroupMarkUnselArtRead ('X') command) articles as read.

Format string for display of dates
Format string tin uses for date representation. A description of
the different format options can be found at strftime(3). tin
uses strftime(3) when available and supports most format options
in his fallback code. Default is "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S".

(default_art_search)

(default_author_search)

(default_config_search)
The last article/author/config option that was searched for.

(default_filter_days)
Default is 28.

(default_filter_kill_case)
Default for quick (1 key) kill filter case. ON = filter case
sensitive, OFF = ignore case. Default is OFF.

(default_filter_kill_expire)
Default for quick (1 key) kill filter expire. ON = limit to
default_filter_days, OFF = don't ever expire. Default is OFF.

(default_filter_kill_global)
Default for quick (1 key) kill filter global. ON=apply to all
groups, OFF=apply to current group. Default is ON.

(default_filter_kill_header)
Default for quick (1 key) kill filter header.

0 ''Subject:'' (case sensitive)

1 ''Subject:'' (ignore case)

2 ''From:'' (case sensitive)

3 ''From:'' (ignore case)

4 ''Message-ID:'' & full ''References:'' line

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5 ''Message-ID:'' & last ''References:'' entry only

6 ''Message-ID:'' entry only

7 ''Lines:''

(default_filter_select_case)
Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter case. ON=filter
case sensitive, OFF=ignore case. Default is OFF.

(default_filter_select_expire)
Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter expire. ON =
limit to default_filter_days, OFF = don't ever expire. Default is
OFF.

(default_filter_select_global)
Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter global. ON=apply
to all groups OFF=apply to current group. Default is ON.

(default_filter_select_header)
Default for quick (1 key) auto-selection filter header.

0 ''Subject:'' (case sensitive)

1 ''Subject:'' (ignore case)

2 ''From:'' (case sensitive)

3 ''From:'' (ignore case)

4 ''Message-ID:'' & full ''References:'' line

5 ''Message-ID:'' & last ''References:'' entry only

6 ''Message-ID:'' entry only

7 ''Lines:''

(default_goto_group)

(default_group_search)

(default_mail_address)

(default_move_group)

(default_pattern)

(default_pipe_command)

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(default_post_newsgroups)

(default_post_subject)

(default_range_group)

(default_range_select)

(default_range_thread)

(default_repost_group)

(default_save_file)

(default_save_mode)

(default_select_pattern)

(default_shell_command)

(default_subject_search)

Draw -> instead of highlighted bar
Allows groups/articles to be selected by an arrow '->' if set ON
or by an highlighted bar if set OFF. Default is OFF.

Invocation of your editor (editor_format)
The format string used to create the editor start command with
parameters. Default is "%E +%N %F" (i.e., /bin/vi +7 .article).

Force redraw after certain commands (force_screen_redraw)
Specifies whether a screen redraw should always be done after
certain external commands. Default is OFF.

Number of articles to get (getart_limit)
If getart_limit is > 0 not more than getart_limit articles/group
are fetched from the server. If getart_limit is < 0 tin will start
fetching articles from your first unread minus absolute value of
getart_limit. Default is 0, which means no limit.

Catchup group using left key (group_catchup_on_exit)
If ON catchup group when leaving with the left arrow key. Default
is ON.

Go to the next unread article
Which keys tin should accept to jump to the next unread article.
Possible is any combination of PageDown and PageNextUnread. When
PageDown is set tin jumps to the next article at the end of the
current one. When PageNextUnread is set tin jumps immediately to

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the next article when PageNextUnread ('<TAB>') is pressed. Default
is PageNextUnread.

Max. length of group names shown
Maximum length of the names of newsgroups to be displayed so that
more of the newsgroup description can be displayed. Default is 32.

Display uue data as an attachment
If set to 'No' then raw uuencoded data is displayed. If set to
'Yes' then sections of uuencoded data will be shown with a single
tag line showing the size and filename (much the same as a MIME
attachment). If set to 'Hide all' then any line that looks like
uuencoded data will be folded into a tag line. This is useful
when uuencoded data is split across more than one article but can
also lead to false positives. This setting can also be toggled in
the article viewer. Default is 'No'.

External inews (inews_prog)
Path, name and options of external inews(1). If you are reading
via NNTP the default value is --internal (use built-in NNTP
inews), else it is "inews -h". The article is passed to inews_prog
on STDIN via '< article'.

(info_in_last_line)
If ON, show current group description or article subject in the
last line (not in the pager and global menu) - ToggleInfoLastLine
('i') toggles setting. This facility is useful as the full width
of the screen is available to display long subjects. Default is
OFF.

Use interactive mail reader (interactive_mailer)
Interactive mailreader: if greater than 0 your mailreader will be
invoked earlier for reply so you can use more of its features
(e.g. MIME, pgp, ...). 1 means include headers, 2 means don't
include headers (old use_mailreader_i=ON option). 0 turns off
usage. This option has to suit mailer_format. Default is 0.

Use inverse video for page headers
If ON use inverse video for page headers and URL highlighting.
Default is ON.

Keep failed arts in ~/dead.articles (keep_dead_articles)
If ON keep all failed postings in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/dead.articles besides keeping the last
failed posting in ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/dead.article. Default is
ON.

Filter which articles (kill_level)
This option controls the processing and display of articles that

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are killed. There are 3 options:

0 Kill only unread arts is the 'traditional' behavior of tin.
Only unread articles are killed once only by marking them
read. As filtering only happens on unread articles with
kill_level set to 0, art_marked_killed and
art_marked_read_selected are only shown once. When you reenter
the group the mark will be gone.

1 Kill all arts & show with K will process all articles in the
group and therefore there is a processing overhead when using
this option. Killed articles are threaded as normal but they
will be marked with art_marked_killed.

2 Kill all arts and never show will process all articles in the
group and therefore there is a processing overhead when using
this option. Killed articles simply does not get displayed at
all.
Default is 0 (Kill only unread arts).

Use 8bit characters in mail headers
Allows 8bit characters unencoded in the header of mail message.
Default is OFF. Turning it ON is effective only if
mail_mime_encoding is also set to 8bit. Leaving it OFF is safe for
most users and compliant to Internet Mail Standard (RFC5322 and
RFC2047). Default is OFF.

Mail address (mail_address)
User's mail address (and full name), if not username@host. This is
used when creating articles, sending mail and when pgp(1) signing.

MIME encoding in mail messages (mail_mime_encoding)
MIME encoding of the body in mail message, if necessary (8bit,
base64, quoted-printable, 7bit). Default is quoted-printable.

Quote line when mailing (mail_quote_format)
Format of quote line when replying (via mail) to an article
(%A=Address, %D=Date, %F=Fullname+Address, %G=Groupname,
%M=Message-ID, %N=Fullname, %C=Firstname, %I=Initials). Default is
"In article %M you wrote:"

Format of the mailbox (mailbox_format)
Select one of the following mailbox-formats: MBOXO (default,
except for SCO), MBOXRD or MMDF (default on SCO). See mbox(5) for
more details on MBOXO and MBOXRD and mmdf(5) for more details
about MMDF.

Mail directory (maildir)
The directory where articles/threads are to be saved in mbox(5)

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format. This feature is mainly for use with the elm(1) mail
program. It allows the user to save articles/threads/groups simply
by giving '=' as the filename to save to. Default is
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/Mail.

Invocation of your mail command (mailer_format)
The format string used to create the mailer command with
parameters that is used for mailing articles to other people.
Default is '%M "%T" < %F' (e.g., /bin/mail "iain" < .article). The
flexible format allows other mailers with different command-line
parameters to be used such as 'elm -s "%S" "%T" < "%F"' (e.g., elm
-s "subject" "iain" < .article) or 'sendmail -oi -oem -t < %F'
(e.g. sendmail -oi -oem -t < .article).

'Mark as (un)read' ignores tags (mark_ignore_tags)
When this is ON, the GroupMarkThdRead ('K'), ThreadMarkArtRead
('K'), MarkThdUnread ('Z') at Group level and MarkArtUnread ('z')
at Thread level functions mark just the current article or thread,
ignoring other tagged, (un)read articles. When OFF, the same
function presents a menu with choices of the current thread or
article, all tagged, unread articles, or nothing.

Mark saved articles/threads as read (mark_saved_read)
If ON mark articles that are saved as read. Default is ON.

Viewer program for MIME articles (metamail_prog)
Path, name and options of external metamail(1) program used to
view non-textual parts of articles. To use the built-in viewer,
set to --internal. This is the default value when metamail(1) is
not installed. Leave it blank if you don't want any automatic
viewing of non-textual attachments. The 'V' command can always be
used to manually view any attachments. See also ask_for_metamail.

MM_CHARSET (mm_charset)
Charset supported locally, which is also used for MIME header
(charset parameter and charset name in header encoding) in mail
and news postings. If MIME_STRICT_CHARSET is defined at compile
time, text in charset other than the value of this parameter is
considered not displayable and represented as '?'. Otherwise, all
character sets are regarded as compatible with the display. If
it's not set, the value of the environment variable $MM_CHARSET is
used. US-ASCII or compile-time default is used in case neither of
them is defined. If your system supports iconv(3), this option is
disabled and you should use mm_network_charset instead.

MM_NETWORK_CHARSET (mm_network_charset)
Charset used for posting and MIME headers; replaces mm_charset.
Conversion between mm_network_charset and local charset
(determined via nl_langinfo(3)) is done via iconv(3), if this

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function is not available on your system this option is disabled
and you have to use mm_charset instead. mm_network_charset is
limited to one of the following charsets:
US-ASCII, ISO-8859-{1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,13,14,15,16}, KOI8-
{R,U,RU} EUC-{CN,JP,KR,TW}, ISO-2022-{CN,CN-EXT,JP,JP-1,JP-2},
Big5, UTF-8
Not all values might work on your system, see iconv_open(3) for
more details. If it's not set, the value of the environment
variable $MM_CHARSET is used. US-ASCII or compile-time default is
used in case neither of them is defined.

Attribute of highlighting with _dash_ (mono_markdash)
Character attribute of words emphasized like _this_. It depends on
your terminal which attributes are usable. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

Attribute of highlighting with /slash/ (mono_markslash)
Character attribute of words emphasized like /this/. It depends on
your terminal which attributes are usable. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

Attribute of highlighting with *stars* (mono_markstar)
Character attribute of words emphasized like *this*. It depends on
your terminal which attributes are usable. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

Attribute of highlighting with -stroke- (mono_markstroke)
Character attribute of words emphasized like -this-. It depends on
your terminal which attributes are usable. See also
word_h_display_marks and word_highlight.

(newnews)
These are internal timers used by tin to keep track of new
newsgroups. Do not change them unless you understand what they
are for.

Display these header fields (or *)
Which news headers you wish to see. If you want to see _all_ the
headers, place an '*' as this value. This is the only way a
wildcard can be used. If you enter 'X-' as the value, you will
see all headers beginning with 'X-' (like X-Alan or X-Pape). You
can list more than one by delimiting with spaces. Not defining
anything turns off this option.

Do not display these header fields
Same as news_headers_to_display except it denotes the opposite. An
example of using both options might be if you thought X- headers
were A Good Thing(tm), but thought Alan and Pape were
miscreants... well then you would do something like this:

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news_headers_to_display=X- news_headers_to_not_display=X-Alan
X-Pape. Not defining anything turns off this option.

Quote line when following up (news_quote_format)
Format of quote line when posting/following up an article
(%A=Address, %D=Date, %F=Fullname+Address, %G=Groupname,
%M=Message-ID, %N=Fullname, %C=Firstname, %I=Initials). Default is
"%F wrote:".

Unicode normalization form (normalization_form)
The normalization form tin should use to normalize unicode input.
The possible values are:

0 None: no normalization

1 NFKC: Compatibility Decomposition, followed by Canonical
Composition

2 NFKD: Compatibility Decomposition

3 NFC: Canonical Decomposition, followed by Canonical
Composition

4 NFD: Canonical Decomposition
Some normalization modes are only available if they are supported by
the library tin uses to do the normalization. Default is NFKC.

Goto first unread article in group
If ON put cursor at first unread article in group otherwise at
last article. Default is ON.

Use 8bit characters in news headers
Allows 8bit characters unencoded in the header of a news article,
if set this also disables the generation of MIME-headers when they
are usually required. Default is OFF. Only enacted if
post_mime_encoding is also set to 8bit. In a number of local
hierarchies where 8bit characters are used, using unencoded (raw)
8bit characters in header is acceptable and sometimes even
recommended so that you need to check the convention adopted in
the local hierarchy of your interest to determine what to do with
this and post_mime_encoding.

MIME encoding in news messages (post_mime_encoding)
MIME encoding of the body in news message, if necessary. (8bit,
base64, quoted-printable, 7bit). Default is 8bit, which leads to
no encoding. base64 and quoted-printable are usually undesired on
usenet.

View post-processed files (post_process_view)

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If ON, then tin will start an appropriate viewer program to
display any files that were post processed and uudecoded. The
program is determined using the mailcap file. Default is ON.

Post process saved articles (post_process_type)
This specifies whether to perform post processing on saved
articles. The following values are allowed:

0 No (default), no post processing is done.

1 Shell archives, unpacking of multi-part shar(1) files only.

2 Yes, binary attachments and data will be decoded and saved.

Filename to be used for storing
Keep posted articles in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/Mail/posted_articles_file. If no filename
is set then postings will not be saved. Default is 'posted'.

Print all headers when printing (print_header)
If ON, then the full article header is sent to the printer.
Otherwise only the ''Subject:'' and ''From:'' fields are output.
Default is OFF.

Printer program with options (printer)
The printer program with options that is to be used to print
articles. The default is lpr(1) for BSD machines and lp(1) for
SysV machines. Printing from tin may have been disabled by the
System Administrator.

Process only unread articles (process_only_unread)
If ON only save/print/pipe/mail unread articles (tagged articles
excepted). Default is OFF.

Show empty Followup-To in editor (prompt_followupto)
If ON show empty ''Followup-To:'' header when editing an article.
Default is OFF.

Characters used as quote-marks (quote_chars)
The character used in quoting included text to article followups
and mail replies. The '_' character represents a blank character
and is replaced with ' ' when read. Default is '>_'.

Quoting behavior (quote_style)
How articles should be quoted when following up or replying to
them. There are a number of things that can be done: empty lines
can be quoted, signatures can be quoted and quote_chars can be
compressed when quoting multiple times (for example, '> > >' will
be turned into '>>>'). The default is to compress quotes, and to

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quote empty lines.
When you are viewing an article in raw mode ('^H'), and follow up
or reply to it, the signature will be quoted even if it would
otherwise not be. If show_signatures is off, then the signature
will never be quoted.

Regex used to show quoted lines
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching lines are shown in col_quote. If quote_regex is
blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Regex used to show twice quoted
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching lines are shown in col_quote2. If quote_regex2 is
blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Regex used to show >= 3
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching lines are shown in col_quote3. If quote_regex3 is
blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Article recentness time limit (recent_time)
If set to 0, this feature is deactivated, otherwise it means the
number of days. Default is 2.

Render BiDi (render_bidi)
If ON tin does the rendering of bi-directional text. If OFF tin
leaves the rendering of bi-directional text to the terminal.
Default is OFF.

Interval in seconds to reread active
The news ${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active}
file is reread at regular intervals to show if any new news has
arrived. Default is 1200. Setting this to 0 will disable this
feature.

Directory to save arts/threads in (savedir)
Directory where articles/threads are saved. Default is
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/News.

Score limit (kill) (score_limit_kill)
If the score of an article is below or equal this value the
article gets marked as killed.

Score limit (select) (score_limit_select)
If the score of an article is above or equal this value the
article gets marked as hot.

Default score to kill articles (score_kill)

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Score of an article which should be killed, this must be <=
score_limit_kill.

Default score to select articles (score_select)
Score of an article which should be marked hot, this must be >=
score_limit_select.

Number of lines to scroll in
The number of lines that will be scrolled up/down in the article
pager when using cursor-up/down. The default is 1 (line-by-line).
Set to 0 to get traditional tin page-by-page scrolling. Set to -1
to get page-by-page scrolling where the top/bottom line is carried
over onto the next page. This setting supersedes
show_last_line_prev_page=ON. Set to -2 to get half-page scrolling.
This setting supersedes full_page_scroll=OFF.

In group menu, show author by
Which information about the author should be shown. Default is 2,
authors full name.

0 None, only the ''Subject:'' line will be displayed.

1 Address, ''Subject:'' line & the address part of the ''From:''
line are displayed.

2 Full Name, ''Subject:'' line & the authors full name part of
the ''From:'' line are displayed (default).

3 Address and Name, ''Subject:'' line & all of the ''From:''
line are displayed.

Show description of each newsgroup (show_description)
If ON show a short group description text after newsgroup name at
the group selection level. The ''-d'' command-line flag will
override the setting and turn descriptions off. The text used is
taken from the ${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/newsgroups file and if
supported (requires tin to be build with mh-mail-handling support)
from ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/mailgroups for mailgroups.
Default is ON.

Show lines/score in listings (show_info)
Which information about the thread or article should be shown.
Default is 1, show only the line count.

0 None, no information will be displayed.

1 Lines, in article listing the line count of an article will be
displayed and in thread listing the line count of first
(unread) article will be displayed.

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2 Score, in article listing the score of an article will be
displayed and in thread listing the score of the thread will
be displayed - see also thread_score.

3 Lines & Score, display line count and score.

Show only unread articles (show_only_unread_arts)
If ON show only new/unread articles otherwise show all articles.
Default is ON.

Show only groups with unread arts
If ON show only subscribed groups that contain unread articles.
Default is OFF.

Display signatures (show_signatures)
If OFF don't show signatures when displaying articles. Default is
ON.

Prepend signature with '\n-- \n' (sigdashes)
If ON prepend the signature with sigdashes. Default is ON.

Create signature from path/command (sigfile)
The path that specifies the signature file to use when posting,
following up to or replying to an article. If the path is a
directory then the signature will be randomly generated from files
that are in the specified directory. If the path starts with a !
the program the path points to will be executed to generate a
signature. tin will pass the name of the current newsgroup as
argument to the program. --none will suppress any signature.
Default is ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig.

Add signature when reposting (signature_repost)
If ON add signature to reposted articles. Default is ON.

Regex used to highlight /slashes/ (slashes_regex)
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching words are shown in col_markslash or mono_markslash.
If slashes_regex is blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Sort articles by (sort_article_type)
This specifies how articles should be sorted. Sort by ascending
Date (6) is the default. The following sort types are allowed:

0 Nothing, don't sort articles.

1 Subject: (descending), sort articles by ''Subject:'' field
descending.

2 Subject: (ascending), sort articles by ''Subject:'' field

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ascending.

3 From: (descending), sort articles by ''From:'' field
descending.

4 From: (ascending), sort articles by ''From:'' field ascending.

5 Date: (descending), sort articles by ''Date:'' field
descending.

6 Date: (ascending), sort articles by ''Date:'' field ascending
(default).

7 Score (descending), sort articles by filtering score
descending.

8 Score (ascending), sort articles by filtering score ascending.

9 Lines: (descending), sort articles by ''Lines:'' field
descending.

10 Lines: (ascending), sort articles by ''Lines:'' field
ascending.

Sort threads by (sort_threads_type)
This specifies how threads will be sorted. Sort by descending
Score (1) is the default. The following sort types are allowed:

0 Nothing, don't sort threads.

1 Score (descending), sort threads by filtering score descending
(default).

2 Score (ascending), sort threads by filtering score ascending.

3 Last posting date (descending), sort threads by date of last
posting descending.

4 Last posting date (ascending), sort threads by date of last
posting ascending.

Spamtrap warning address parts (spamtrap_warning_addresses)
Set this option to a list of comma-separated strings to be warned
if you are replying to an article by mail where the e-mail address
contains one of these strings. The matching is case-insensitive.
Example:

spam,delete,remove

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Regex used to highlight *stars* (stars_regex)
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching words are shown in col_markstar or mono_markstar. If
stars_regex is blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Start editor with line offset (start_editor_offset)
Set ON if the editor used for posting, follow-ups and bug reports
has the capability of starting and positioning the cursor at a
specified line within a file. Default is ON.

Strip blanks of end of lines
Strips the blanks from the end of each line therefore speeding up
the display when reading on a slow terminal or via modem. Default
is ON.

Remove bogus groups from newsrc (strip_bogus)
Bogus groups are groups that are present in your
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc file that no longer exist on the
news server. There are 3 options. 0 means do nothing & always keep
bogus groups. 1 means bogus groups will be permanently removed. 2
means that bogus groups will appear on the Group Selection Menu,
prefixed with a 'D'. This allows you to unsubscribe from them as
and when you wish. Default is 0 (Always Keep).

No unsubscribed groups in newsrc (strip_newsrc)
If ON, then unsubscribed groups will be permanently removed from
your ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.newsrc file. Default is OFF.

Regex used to highlight -strokes- (strokes_regex)
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching words are shown in col_markstroke or mono_markstroke.
If strokes_regex is blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Wrap around threads on next unread
If enabled a search for the next unread article will wrap around
all articles to find also previous unread articles. If disabled
the search stops at the end of the thread list. Default is ON.

Display "a as Umlaut-a (tex2iso_conv)
If ON, show "a as Umlaut-a, etc. Default is OFF. This behavior can
also be toggled in the article viewer via PageToggleTex2iso ('"').

Thread articles by (thread_articles)
Defines which threading method to use. It's possible to set the
threading type on a per group basis by setting the group attribute
variable thread_arts to 0 - 4 in the file
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/attributes. (See also "GROUP
ATTRIBUTES".) The default is Both Subject and References. The
choices are:

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0 None, don't thread.

1 Subject, thread on ''Subject:'' only.

2 References, thread on ''References:'' only.

3 Both Subject and References, thread on ''References:'' then
''Subject:'' (default).

4 Multipart Subject, thread multipart articles on ''Subject:''.

5 Percentage Match, thread base upon a partial character match
on ''Subject:''.

Catchup thread by using left key
If ON catchup group/thread when leaving with the left arrow key.
Default is ON.

Matchingness of a thread (thread_perc)
How closely the subjects must match for two threads to be
considered part of the same thread. This is a percentage and the
default if 75%.

Score of a thread (thread_score)
How the total score of a thread is computed. Default is 0, the
maximum score in this thread.

0 Max, the maximum score in this thread.

1 Sum, the sum of all scores in this thread.

2 Average, the average score in this thread.

Transliteration (translit)
If ON append //TRANSLIT to the first argument of iconv_open(3) to
enable transliteration. This means that when a character cannot be
represented in the target character set, it can be approximated
through one or several similarly looking characters. On systems
where this extension doesn't exist, this option is disabled.
Default is OFF.

How to treat blank lines (trim_article_body)
Allows you to select how tin treats blank lines in article bodies.
Default is 0. This option does not affect lines within verbatim
blocks.

0 Don't trim article body, do nothing.

1 Skip leading blank lines.

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2 Skip trailing blank lines.

3 Skip leading and trailing blank l., skip leading and trailing
blank lines.

4 Compact multiple between text, replace multiple blank lines
between textblocks with one blank line.

5 Compact multiple and skip leading, 4 + 1

6 Compact multiple and skip trailing, 4 + 2

7 Compact mltpl., skip lead. & trai., 4 + 3

Regex used to highlight _underline_ (underscores_regex)
A regular expression that will be applied when reading articles.
All matching words are shown in col_markdash or mono_markdash. If
underscores_regex is blank, then tin uses a built-in default.

Remove ~/.article after posting (unlink_article)
If ON remove ~/.article after posting. Default is ON.

Program that opens URL's (url_handler)
The program that will be run when launching URL's in the article
viewer using PageViewUrl ('U'). The actual URL will be appended to
this. Default is url_handler.pl %s.

URL highlighting in message body (url_highlight)
Enable highlighting URLs in message body. Default is ON.

Use ANSI color (use_color)
If enabled tin uses ANSI-colors. Default is OFF.

Use scroll keys on keypad (use_keypad)
Default is OFF.

Use mouse in xterm (use_mouse)
Allows the mouse button support in a xterm(1x) to be
enabled/disabled. Default is OFF.

Use slrnface to show ''X-Face:''s (use_slrnface)
If enabled tin uses slrnface(1) to interpret the ''X-Face:''
header. For this option to have any effect, tin must be running in
an xterm(1x) and slrnface(1) must be in your $PATH. Default is
OFF.

Regex for begin of a verbatim
A regular expression that tin will use to find the begin of a
verbatim block.

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Regex for end of a verbatim
A regular expression that tin will use to find the end of a
verbatim block.

Detection of verbatim blocks (verbatim_handling)
If ON verbatim blocks will be detected. Default is ON.

Wildcard matching (wildcard)
Allows you to select how tin matches strings. The default is 0 and
uses the wildmat notation, which is how this has traditionally
been handled. Setting this to 1 allows you to use perl(1)
compatible regular expressions pcre(3) (see also perlre(1) and
pcrepattern(3)). You will probably want to update your filter
file if you use this regularly. NB: Newsgroup names will always
be matched using the wildmat notation.

What to display instead of mark
Should the leading and ending stars, slashes, strokes and dashes
also be displayed, even when they are highlighting marks?

0 no

1 yes, display mark

2 print a space instead

Word highlighting in message body (word_highlight)
Enable word highlighting. See word_h_display_marks for the options
available. If use_color is enabled the colors specified in
col_markdash, col_markslash, col_markstar and col_markstroke are
used for word highlighting else the character attributes specified
in mono_markdash, mono_markslash, mono_markstar and
mono_markstroke are used. Default is ON.

Page line wrap column (wrap_column)
Sets the column at which a displayed article body should be
wrapped. If this value is equal to 0, it defaults to the current
screen width. If this value is greater than your current screen
width the part off-screen is not displayed. Thus setting this
option to a large value can be used to disable wrapping. If this
value is negative the wrap margin is the current screen width plus
the given value (as long as the result is still positive,
otherwise it will fall back to the current screen width). Default
is 0, wrapping at the current screen width.

Quote line when cross-posting (xpost_quote_format)
Format is the same as for news_quote_format, this is used when
answering to a crossposting to several groups with no
''Followup-To:'' set.

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ATTRIBUTES MENU AND GROUP ATTRIBUTES
tin allows certain attributes to be set on a per group basis. If it
exists, the global attributes file,
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}/attributes is read. After that, the user's
own attributes file ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/attributes is read.
The global attributes file is useful for distributing system-wide
defaults to new users who have no private attributes file yet.

Note that the scope=<grouplist> line has to be specified before the
attributes are specified for that list. All attributes are set to a
reasonable default so you only have to specify the attribute that you
want to change (e.g., savedir). All toggle attributes are set by
specifying ON/OFF. Otherwise, these function exactly the same as their
global equivalents. For more details see tin(5).

Attributes can also be changed from the attributes menu which can be
accessed by ConfigToggleAttrib ('<TAB>') from the options menu or
ScopeSelect ('^J' or '<CR>') from the scopes menu. The attributes
menu looks and behaves very similar to the options menu. The title
shows the current scope. Attributes set in the current scope are
marked with '+' to the left of the attributes number.

Besides the keys for moving around and changing values known from the
options menu the attributes menu provides the following command:
ConfigResetAttrib ('r') which resets an attribute to a default value.

SCOPES MENU
The scopes menu (accessible from the options menu with ConfigScopeMenu
('S')) shows all scopes read from the global and local attributes
file. Scopes from the global attributes file are marked with '!' to
the left of the scope number. Delete/rename/move are not possible with
those scopes.

In addition to the common moving keys the following commands are
available: ScopeSelect ('^J' or '<CR>') enter the attributes menu for
the current scope, ScopeEditAttributesFile ('E') edit the local
attributes file, ScopeAdd ('a') add a new scope, ScopeDelete ('d')
delete the current scope, ScopeMove ('m') move the current scope to a
new position, ScopeRename ('r') rename the current scope.
ToggleHelpDisplay ('H') toggles the help mini menu at the bottom of
the screen.

FILTERING ARTICLES
When there is a subject or an author which you are either very
interested in, or find completely uninteresting, you can easily
instruct tin to auto-select or auto-kill articles that match rules
that you specify. This can be anything from the name of the author to
the number of lines in an article.

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When tin starts up the user's kill-file
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/filter (see also tin(5)) is read. Each
time a newsgroup is entered the rules are applied and articles killed
or selected when they meet certain criteria.

The degree to which rules are applied depend on the kill_level tinrc
setting. By default killed articles will only be marked read. Adjust
kill_level for more aggressive processing. Articles that match an
auto-selection rule are marked with a ''*''.

Filtering rules can be manually entered into
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin/filter (but don't do this whilst running
tin else you will lose your changes) or by using an on-screen menu
within tin.

The filtering capabilities of tin have been significantly enhanced
over previous versions to include scoring and better pattern matching.
It is recommended that you read the file filtering in the tin
documentation directory. This file can also be read online at
<http://www.tin.org/filtering.txt>.

The on-screen filtering menu is accessed by pressing '^K' at the Group
and Article levels. It allows the user to kill or select an article
that matches the current ''Subject:'' line, ''From:'' line or a string
entered by the user. The user entered string can be applied to the
''Subject:'' or ''From:'' lines of an article. The kill description
can be limited to the current newsgroup or it can apply to all
newsgroups. Once entered the user can abort the command and not save
the kill description, edit the kill file or save the kill description.

POSTING ARTICLES
tin allows posting of articles, follow-up to already posted articles
and replying direct through mail to the author of an article.

Use the Post ('w') command to post an article to a newsgroup. After
entering the post subject the default editor (i.e., vi(1)) or the
editor specified by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variable will
be started and the article can be entered. To crosspost articles
simply add a comma and the name of the newsgroup(s) to the end of the
''Newsgroups:'' line at the beginning of the article. After saving and
exiting the editor you are asked if you wish to a)bort posting the
article, e)dit the article again or p)ost the article to the specified
newsgroup(s).

Use the DisplayPostHist ('W') command to display a history of the
articles you have posted. The date the article was posted, which
newsgroups the article was posted to and the articles subject line are
displayed.

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Use the PageFollowupQuote ('f'), PageFollowup ('F') or
PageFollowupQuoteHeaders ('^W') command to post a follow-up article to
an already posted article. The PageFollowupQuote command will copy the
text of the original article into the editor. The
PageFollowupQuoteHeaders command will copy the text and all headers of
the original article into the editor. The editing procedure is the
same as when posting an article with the Post ('w') command.

Use the PageReplyQuote ('r'), PageReply ('R') or PageReplyQuoteHeaders
('^E') command to reply direct through mail to the author of an
already posted article. The PageReplyQuote command will copy the text
of the original article into the editor. The PageReplyQuoteHeaders
command will copy the text and all headers of the original article
into the editor. The editing procedure is the same as when posting an
article with the Post ('w') command. After saving and exiting the
editor you are asked if you wish to abort sending the article via
PostAbort ('a'), edit the article again via PostEdit ('e') or send the
article to the author via PostSend ('s').

CUSTOMIZING THE ARTICLE QUOTE STRING
When posting a followup to an article or replying direct to the author
of an article via email the text of the article can be quoted. The
beginning of the quoted text can contain information about the quoted
article (e.g., Name and the Message-ID of the article). To allow for
different situations certain information from the article can be used
in the quoted string. The following variables are expanded if found in
the tinrc variables mail_quote_format, news_quote_format or
xpost_quote_format:
%A Address (Email)
%D Date (uses date_format)
%F Full address (%N <%A>)
%G Groupname
%M Message-ID
%N Fullname of author
%C Firstname of author
%I Initials of author
e.g.,
mail_quote_format=On %D in %G you wrote:
news_quote_format=In %M, %F wrote:
would expand to:
On 21 Sep 1993 09:45:51 -0400 in alt.sources you wrote:
In <abcINN123@example.org>, Joe Bar <joe@example.org> wrote:
The quoted text section of an article is marked by a preceding quote
string at the beginning of each quoted line. The default quote string
is set to '>_'. The default can be changed by setting the tinrc
variable quote_chars to ones own preference. (Note that '_' underline
is used to represent a space).

MAILING PIPING PRINTING REPOSTING AND SAVING ARTICLES

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The command interface to GroupMail, PageMail, PostMail or ThreadMail
('m'), Pipe ('|'), Print ('o'), PageRepost or GroupRepost ('x') and
GroupSave, PageSave or ThreadSave ('s' and GroupAutoSave, PageAutoSave
or ThreadAutoSave 'S') articles is the same for ease of use.

Auto-saving with *AutoSave ('S') is a special case and operates only
on marked articles. They will processed without any further prompting
according to the default save parameters defined in tinrc or by any
attributes set for the current group.

Otherwise, the initial prompt will ask you to select which article,
thread, hot (auto-selected), regex pattern, tagged articles you wish
to mail, pipe etc.

Tagged articles must have already been tagged with a *Tag ('t')
command. All tagged articles can be untagged by a *Untag ('U') untag
command.

If a regex pattern is selected you are asked to enter a pattern (e.g.,
to match all articles subject lines containing 'net News' you enter
"net News"). Any articles that match the entered expression will be
mailed, piped etc. See also the wildcard tinrc variable for advanced
pattern matching options.

Various expansion characters are recognized when entering the
directory and file to save to. Environment variables (prefixed with
'$') and user home directories (prefixed by '~' or '~username') can be
specified. Environment variables can themselves contain other special
characters.

To save articles to a mailbox enter '=<mailbox name>' when asked for
the save filename. If you enter just '=' then articles will be saved
to a mailbox with the name of the current newsgroup (eg, alt.sources).
See maildir.

To save in savedir/<news.group.name>/<filename> format enter
'+<filename>'. Environment variables are allowed within a filename
(e.g., $SOURCES/dir/filename). See savedir.

When saving articles you can specify whether the saved files should be
post processed. A default process type can be set via
post_process_type.

AUTOMATIC MAILING AND SAVING NEW NEWS
tin allows new/unread news articles to be mailed (''-M'' and ''-N''
option) or saved (''-S'' option) in batch mode for later reading.
Useful when going on holiday and you don't want to return and find
that expire has removed a whole load of unread articles. Best to run
via cron(1) everyday while away, after which you will be mailed a

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report of which articles were mailed/saved from which newsgroups and
the total number of articles mailed/saved. Articles are saved in a
private news structure under your <savedir> directory (default is
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/News). Be careful of using this option if you
read a lot of groups because you could overflow your file system.

When using ''-S'' together with a given directory to save to (''-s''
option), the same directory must be specified when reading the
articles by ''-R''.

If you only want to save some of your groups use the batch_save tinrc
variable. Set to ON or OFF in tinrc to enable/disable saving of all
groups and then use the batch_save attribute to fine tune which groups
you want to have saved. For example, if you want to save most of your
groups, then set batch_save to ON in tinrc and selectively turn off
the ones you don't want using attributes.

tin -M iain -c -f newsrc.mail
(mail any unread articles in newsgroups specified
in file newsrc.mail to the local user iain and
mark them as read)

tin -S -c -f newsrc.save
(save any unread articles in newsgroups specified
in file newsrc.save and mark them as read)

tin -R (read any articles saved by tin -S)

RANGES
A range is simply a group of items marked using the SetRange ('#')
key. Certain tin commands will operate on a range if one exists rather
than just the current item. A range is an expression of the form
<min>-<max>, e.g. 10-15 will highlight items 10 through 15 on the
current screen. Other than absolute numeric positions, '.' can be used
in place of the current cursor position and '$' can be used to mean
the highest number available. Currently the only commands that
understand ranges are GroupMarkThdRead ('K'), MarkArtUnread ('z') and
MarkThdUnread ('Z').

NEWSGROUP LISTS & WILDCARDS
Several places in tin allow you to specify a list of newsgroups. These
include command-line groups, (un)subscribe groups, the
AUTO[UN]SUBSCRIBE mechanism. The scope= attributes file tag and the
filter file group= tag also use the same syntax. tin interprets this
variable similarly to rn(1). It contains a list of patterns,
separated by commas and possibly prefixed with exclamation points. An
exclamation point negates the meaning of a match on this pattern, and
can be used to cancel certain matches. Some examples:

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alt.config,news.*,!news.test

Matches alt.config and everything in the 'news' hierarchy except
news.test

See the explanation for the $AUTOSUBSCRIBE variables for further
examples.

SIGNATURES
tin will recognize a signature in either
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signature or ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig.
If ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signature exists, then the signature will
be pulled into the editor for mail commands only. A signature in
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.signature will not be pulled into the editor
for posting commands since inews(1) will append the signature itself.

A signature in ${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.Sig will be pulled into the
editor for both posting and mailing commands.

The following is an example of a .Sig file:
NAMES Joe Bar <joe@example.org>
SNAIL Musterweg 12, 99999 Notreal, Germany

tin also has the capability to generate random signatures on a per
newsgroup basis if so desired. The way to accomplish this is to
specify the default signature or the group attribute sigfile as a
directory. If for example the sigfile path is /usr/iain/.sigs and
.sigs is a directory then tin will select a random signature from any
file that is in the directory .sigs (note: one signature per numbered
file). A random signature can also consist of a fixed part signature
that can contain your name, address etc. followed by the random sig.
The fixed part of the random sig is read from the file
$HOME/.sigfixed.

TIPS AND TRICKS
tin can be pretty much be navigated by using the four cursor keys.
The left arrow key goes up a level, the right arrow key goes down a
level, the up arrow key goes up a line and the down arrow key goes
down a line.

The following newsgroups provide useful information concerning news
software:
-news.software.readers (info. about news user agents tin, rn, nn,
slrn etc.)
-news.software.nntp (info. about NNTP)
-news.answers (Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about many
different themes)

Many prompts within tin offer a default choice that the cursor is

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positioned on. By pressing '<CR>' the default value is taken. Most
prompts can be aborted by pressing '<ESC>'.

When tin is run in an xterm(1x) it will resize itself each time the
xterm(1x) is resized.

tin will reread the
${TIN_LIBDIR:-NEWSLIBDIR}"/"${TIN_ACTIVEFILE:-active} file at set
intervals (reread_active_file_secs) to show any newly arrived news.

If you find large number of new newsgroups cluttering up your screen,
pressing SelectToggleReadDisplay ('r') will make them go away.

XTERM BUTTONS
If the environment variable $TERM is set to xterm(1x), then button
pressing can be used to select groups and articles. In this
discussion, the buttons are assumed to be assigned conventionally
(i.e., Button1 is the left button).

In general (i.e., for the group, thread and article menus),

Button1 (left)
enters next (lower) level if you click on an article,
otherwise pages down.

Button2 (center)
returns to the previous (upper) level if you click on an
article, otherwise pages up.

Button3 (right)
positions on the article line under mouse cursor, or pages
down if you've clicked outside the list of articles.

In the group selection menu, if the mouse is pointing at a group then:

left button
moves to and selects the group pointed at, just like
SelectReadGrp ('<CR>').

center button
quits the program, just like Quit ('q').

right button
moves to the group pointed at.

In the article menu, if the mouse is pointing at an article (or
thread) then:

left button

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reads the article pointed at, just like GroupReadBasenote
('<CR>'), or the thread, just like GroupListThd ('l').

center button
exits the menu, catching up on the group if you have
group_catchup_on_exit set in your configuration, just like
Quit ('q').

right button
moves to the article (or thread) pointed at.

In the thread menu, if the mouse is pointing at an article then:

left button
reads article pointed at, just like ThreadReadArt ('<CR>').

center button
exits the menu, catching up on the thread if you have
thread_catchup_on_exit set in your configuration, just like
Quit ('q').

right button
moves to the article pointed at.

In other menus and areas button pressing reverts back to usual cut and
paste of xterm(1x), but after one click of any button.

INDEX FILES
If your news server supports NOV index files (see newsoverview(5),
most modern installations will) and you have a fast connection to your
news server then this section can be ignored.

If your news server doesn't support NOV index files or you have a very
slow connection to your news server then tin can cache the index for
each newsgroup if cache_overview_files is set to ON. Note that this
cache can use up large amounts of diskspace if you read a lot of
groups and/or high traffic groups.

Each user creates/updates his/her own index files that are stored in
${TIN_INDEX_NEWSDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news/. If you
are reading via NNTP then the news server name will be appended to
keep the indexes for different servers separate. If you are reading
off the local spool and local overview files already exist then
turning on caching will have no effect. Likewise unless you see
significant delays entering a group when reading via NNTP then turning
on caching will have little or no effect.

Entering a group the first time tends to be slow because the index
file must be built from scratch. To alleviate the slowness start tin

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to create all index files for the groups you subscribe to with tin -u
-v and go for a coffee. Subsequent readings of a group will only need
to do incremental updating of the index file and will be much faster
as only new articles will need to be cached.

As indexing might take some time you may want to run tin form the
system batcher cron(1) with the ''-u'' option:

30 6 * * * /usr/local/bin/tin -u

If you are low on local disk space you should consider using
getart_limit to limit the size of cached indexes and also manually
purge cached data for groups you are not reading anymore with
something like:

find ${TIN_INDEX_NEWSDIR:-"${TIN_HOMEDIR:-"$HOME"}/.tin"}/.news* \
-type f -name "[0-9]*.[0-9]" -atime +28 | xargs rm -f

FILES
For a detailed description see tin(5).

$MAILCAPS
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.mailcap" " " " " "
/etc/mailcap
/usr/etc/mailcap
/usr/local/etc/mailcap
/etc/mail/mailcap

/etc/nntpserver

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.cancelsecret" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.mime.types" " " " " "
/etc/mime.types
/etc/tin/mime.types

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.newsauth" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.newsrc" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin/$NNTPSERVER${NNTPPORT:+:$NNTPPORT}/.oldnewsrc"

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.signature" " " " " "
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.Sig" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.sigfixed" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin/.inputhistory" " " " " "

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${TIN_INDEX_MAILDIR:-${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin}/.mail/"

${TIN_INDEX_NEWSDIR:-${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin}/.news${NNTPSERVER:+-$NNTPSERVER}/"" " " " " "

${TIN_INDEX_SAVEDIR:-${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin}/.save/"

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin/active.mail" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin/active.save" " " " " "

/etc/tin/attributes
${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin/attributes" " " " " "

${TIN_HOMEDIR:-$HOME}/.tin/filter" " " " " "

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