GPERF(1) GNU gperf 3.0.4 GPERF(1)
FSF FSF
February 2009
NAME
gperf - generate a perfect hash function from a key set
SYNOPSIS
gperf [OPTION]... [INPUT-FILE]
DESCRIPTION
GNU 'gperf' generates perfect hash functions.
If a long option shows an argument as mandatory, then it is mandatory
for the equivalent short option also.
Output file location:
--output-file=FILE Write output to specified file.
The results are written to standard output if no output file is
specified or if it is -.
Input file interpretation:
-e, --delimiters=DELIMITER-LIST
Allow user to provide a string containing delimiters used to
separate keywords from their attributes. Default is ",".
-t, --struct-type
Allows the user to include a structured type declaration for
generated code. Any text before %% is considered part of the type
declaration. Key words and additional fields may follow this, one
group of fields per line.
--ignore-case
Consider upper and lower case ASCII characters as equivalent.
Note that locale dependent case mappings are ignored.
Language for the output code:
-L, --language=LANGUAGE-NAME
Generates code in the specified language. Languages handled are
currently C++, ANSI-C, C, and KR-C. The default is C.
Details in the output code:
-K, --slot-name=NAME
Select name of the keyword component in the keyword structure.
-F, --initializer-suffix=INITIALIZERS
Initializers for additional components in the keyword structure.
-H, --hash-function-name=NAME
Specify name of generated hash function. Default is 'hash'.
-N, --lookup-function-name=NAME
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Specify name of generated lookup function. Default name is
'in_word_set'.
-Z, --class-name=NAME
Specify name of generated C++ class. Default name is
'Perfect_Hash'.
-7, --seven-bit
Assume 7-bit characters.
-l, --compare-lengths
Compare key lengths before trying a string comparison. This is
necessary if the keywords contain NUL bytes. It also helps cut
down on the number of string comparisons made during the lookup.
-c, --compare-strncmp
Generate comparison code using strncmp rather than strcmp.
-C, --readonly-tables
Make the contents of generated lookup tables constant, i.e.,
readonly.
-E, --enum
Define constant values using an enum local to the lookup function
rather than with defines.
-I, --includes
Include the necessary system include file <string.h> at the
beginning of the code.
-G, --global-table
Generate the static table of keywords as a static global
variable, rather than hiding it inside of the lookup function
(which is the default behavior).
-P, --pic
Optimize the generated table for inclusion in shared libraries.
This reduces the startup time of programs using a shared library
containing the generated code.
-Q, --string-pool-name=NAME
Specify name of string pool generated by option --pic. Default
name is 'stringpool'.
--null-strings
Use NULL strings instead of empty strings for empty keyword table
entries.
-W, --word-array-name=NAME
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Specify name of word list array. Default name is 'wordlist'.
--length-table-name=NAME
Specify name of length table array. Default name is
'lengthtable'.
-S, --switch=COUNT
Causes the generated C code to use a switch statement scheme,
rather than an array lookup table. This can lead to a reduction
in both time and space requirements for some keyfiles. The COUNT
argument determines how many switch statements are generated. A
value of 1 generates 1 switch containing all the elements, a
value of 2 generates 2 tables with 1/2 the elements in each
table, etc. If COUNT is very large, say 1000000, the generated C
code does a binary search.
-T, --omit-struct-type
Prevents the transfer of the type declaration to the output file.
Use this option if the type is already defined elsewhere.
Algorithm employed by gperf:
-k, --key-positions=KEYS
Select the key positions used in the hash function. The
allowable choices range between 1-255, inclusive. The positions
are separated by commas, ranges may be used, and key positions
may occur in any order. Also, the meta-character '*' causes the
generated hash function to consider ALL key positions, and $
indicates the "final character" of a key, e.g., $,1,2,4,6-10.
-D, --duplicates
Handle keywords that hash to duplicate values. This is useful for
certain highly redundant keyword sets.
-m, --multiple-iterations=ITERATIONS
Perform multiple choices of the -i and -j values, and choose the
best results. This increases the running time by a factor of
ITERATIONS but does a good job minimizing the generated table
size.
-i, --initial-asso=N
Provide an initial value for the associate values array. Default
is 0. Setting this value larger helps inflate the size of the
final table.
-j, --jump=JUMP-VALUE
Affects the "jump value", i.e., how far to advance the associated
character value upon collisions. Must be an odd number, default
is 5.
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-n, --no-strlen
Do not include the length of the keyword when computing the hash
function.
-r, --random
Utilizes randomness to initialize the associated values table.
-s, --size-multiple=N
Affects the size of the generated hash table. The numeric
argument N indicates "how many times larger or smaller" the
associated value range should be, in relationship to the number
of keys, e.g. a value of 3 means "allow the maximum associated
value to be about 3 times larger than the number of input keys".
Conversely, a value of 1/3 means "make the maximum associated
value about 3 times smaller than the number of input keys". A
larger table should decrease the time required for an
unsuccessful search, at the expense of extra table space. Default
value is 1.
Informative output:
-h, --help
Print this message.
-v, --version
Print the gperf version number.
-d, --debug
Enables the debugging option (produces verbose output to the
standard error).
AUTHOR
Written by Douglas C. Schmidt and Bruno Haible.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <bug-gnu-gperf@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright c 1989-1998, 2000-2004, 2006-2007, 2009 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There
is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for gperf is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
If the info and gperf programs are properly installed at your site,
the command
info gperf
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should give you access to the complete manual.
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