Phalanx is a chess playing program Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Dusan Dobes LICENSE AND WARRANTY - Phalanx is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. - Phalanx is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Phalanx; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. WHERE TO GET PHALANX - http://www.crosswinds.net/~dobes/phalanx/ - ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/strategy/ (Only sources) Sunsite is well maintained archive with lots of mirrors, but it's dedicated to Linux. If you want to try Win32 binary or bigger secondary opening book try following site, it has both sources and Win32 binaries plus opening books largebook.zip and hugebook.zip: - ftp://ftp.math.muni.cz/pub/math/people/Dobes/ - http://www.gambitsoft.com/sharee.htm (Only Win32 binaries) - http://www.cent.co.yu/chess/free.htm (Only Win32 binaries) Please let me know if there are others, i will update this list. Feel free to put Phalanx on your ftp site. COMPILING, PORTABILITY Compiling is simple, at least under Linux. Just type `make'. You might want to edit the optimization flags in makefile to produce faster binary. Phalanx is developed under GNU C, GNU Debugger, and GNU Make. If your system does not support GNU exensions (e.g. long options), remove '-DGNUFUN' from DEFINES in makefile. If you have incompatible 'make', try this: $ cat *.c > allphalanx.c; cc -O allphalanx.c -o phalanx INTERFACE, COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Phalanx is xboard compatible. Running with xboard: 'xboard -fcp phalanx'. Note that permanent brain (pondering) is off by default. Newer versions of xboard set it on with the 'hard' command. If this does not work, try 'xboard -fcp "phalanx -p+"' or (for <4.0.0 versions of xboard) change your initString (see Xboard documentation for details). It's better to stop permanent brain in both programs, when playing Phalanx against another program on a machine with one CPU. It's also possible to run phalanx without xboard. Do "phalanx -h" to get a list of command line options. One important command of phalanx's ASCII interface is "help". MORE ABOUT INTERFACE I'm trying to write an interface that fits following three requirements: - Xboard compatibility. For best results, get the latest version of Xboard. (http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/personal/Tim_Mann/chess) - shell-like interface that allows running commands in a batch. It's very useful for testing. Example: look into the file test.fin. It's a set of chess problems and solutions. You can simply send this file to Phalanx's stdin: $ phalanx -c+ -o- -b- -f10 < test.fin | tee result ( Where: -c+ .... use cpu time -o- .... don't use polling input -b- .... no opening book -f10 ... fixed time 10 seconds per move ) Watch how it works. - Acceptable ASCII interface. COMMAND LINE OPTIONS Usage: phalanx [options] [<moves> <minutes> [<increment in seconds>]] phalanx [options] [<seconds per move>] phalanx bench phalanx bcreate [book creation options] Options: -t <transposition table size in kilobytes> Transposition table really needs to fit in the RAM memory, it should never be swapped to disk. Maximum size is your total RAM minus space needed for OS (8-20 MB) minus space for other (possible) applications. -f <fixed search time in seconds> -x <+/-> xboard mode on/off default: on "Xboard mode off" is designed for the ascii interface. In -s+ mode it shows also the move that is currently searched. -p <+/-> permanent brain on/off default: off Phalanx ponders on a predicted move with the permanent brain on. It is sometimes called pondering. Xboard sets it on with the 'hard' command regardless of this option, just use xboard menu to set it on/off. -s <+/-> show thinking on/off default: off Phalanx shows depth, evaluation, time used in centiseconds, nodes searched, and principal variation (best line) when searching. Xboard overrides this option with 'post' and 'nopost' commands, just use xboard menu instead of this. -c <+/-> cpu time default: off This one defaults to the "wall clock" real time. It's better to use the CPU time when running test suites. -o <+/-> polling input default: on Use -o- for running test suites. Phalanx reads the positions from its standard input and polling input makes it stop thinking after almost zero seconds on each position. -b <+/-> opening book default: on -l <+/-> learning on/off default: on -r <resign value in centipawns> default: 0 (no resigning) -e <easy level 0...100> default: 0 (best play) 1 is the hardest and 100 is the easiest easy level. Phalanx tries to emulate human-like blunders, the higher the number the more blunders it plays. It also adds more randomness with the easy levels, repeating games should be impossible. Easy levels set hashtable size to zero, pondering and learning to off. Phalanx responds almost immediatelly to opponent's move. Node count is used instead of the time, so appropriate levels should give the same strength even on different machines (e.g. 486 == Pentium-III). -v Print version and exit. -P <primary book directory> -S <secondary book directory> -L <learning file directory> -g <log file name> Book creation options: -b <buffer size in cells> Stage 1. One cell is 10 bytes. Twice the space is needed for sorting the buffer, use no more than 1/3 of your total RAM. -p <maxply> Stage 1. Stop parsing the game at given ply (halfmove). Default value is 70, it's 35 full moves. -c <max length of comment> Stage 1. PGN files have comments in {}. Phalanx skips the comments when parsing. Big PGN files also have lots of errors, sometimes '{' does not have matching '}'. So, if the comment goes over the maximal length, we suspect the text is no more the comment and continue parsing. Default value is 4096 bytes. -w <winning move value> Stage 1. We are adding the [position,move] to the database. The side to move won the game. The appropriate database entry gets <winning move value> bonus. Default is 5 points. Use values in 1-10 range. -d <drawing move value> Stage 1. Same as the previous except that the game was drawn. Default value is 2 points. -l <losing move value> Stage 1. Same as the previous except that the side to move lost the game. Default value is 1 point. -u <unknown result move value> Stage 1. Same as the previous except that there is no result of the game in the PGN file, sad and common case. Default value is 1 point. -v <min value of move to add> Stage 2. Moves that have less total points than this value are not added into the sbook.phalanx. Bigger numbers create smaller books. The smallest reasonable number is 10. Default is 15. -g <min value percentage of best move to add others> Stage 2. Use values in 50-100 range. The 2nd, 3rd, and other moves are stripped if their value is less than G% of the value of the best move. The G is decreased in positions where the 1st move value has high enough value to give more variability in frequently played opening, e.g. we want a bit more than just sicilian, maybe 1. ... e5 is also good. 50 gives lots of variability and maybe dubious moves, 100 gives almost no variability and only the highest valued moves. Default is 80. Examples: phalanx -c+ -s+ -o - -x- -f 60 -t4000 xboard -fcp "phalanx -r800" xboard -fcp 'phalanx -e 100' ASCII INTERFACE COMMANDS about about Phalanx, show version, copyright info, and settings bd display position (same as 'd') bk show book moves (xboard) - shows ECO code/name and all moves from both primary and secondary opening books. The last line is the text string that is used to identify the position in the pbook.phalanx. Primary book moves are shown along with their probabilities. There is no such probability info for the secondary book moves, as all secondary book moves have equal probability. book enable/disable opening book both machine plays both depth set search depth in plies (xboard). Search will be stopped at given depth, no timing info is used. fen display position in FEN force user plays both (xboard) go switch sides, start computing (xboard) history show game moves in full notation level N M I set level to N moves in M minutes, increment I seconds. Phalanx needs its time info have updated from xboard via the 'time' command to make this level work well. level N set level to fixed time N seconds per move new new game (xboard) post show thinking (xboard) remove take back last move, two plies (xboard) nopost do not show thinking (xboard) quit quit (same as 'exit' or end of file character) score show static evaluation time <N> remaining time is N/100 s (xboard) undo undo last ply (xboard; same as 'u') <FEN position> set test position, start search, show result # comment OPENING BOOK From version VI, there are two book files - primary (pbook.phalanx), and secondary (sbook.phalanx). A position is first searched in pbook.phalanx. Only if it's not found there, sbook.phalanx is searched. You can specify book directories via command line (-P, -S) or use environment variables PHALANXPBOOKDIR and PHALANXSBOOKDIR. Otherwise Phalanx tries to find its book files in current directory (./book.phalanx, ./sbook.phalanx) and finally in compiled-in directory (/usr/local/lib/phalanx). You can change the compiled-in directory in makefile. - pbook.phalanx is 'hand'-written, text book. One line per position, sorted. This time, it's bigger than really needed, because it was the only book file till version V. The size will be smaller and the line format might change to EPD+SAN in future. - sbook.phalanx is binary book, generated from large PGN files. Six bytes per move (4 hash key, 2 move). You can generate your own sbook.phalanx with 'phalanx bcreate <options>', like this: $ ./phalanx bcreate < manyGMgames.pgn Book creation has two stages. First stage reads and parses PGN from standard input and creates the 'rbook.phalanx' file. If rbook.phalanx already exists, the first stage is skipped. Second stage filters positions and moves from the rbook.phalanx to sbook.phalanx. First stage needs about 30 times more time than the second one. Look at 'book creation options' for more details on creating your sbook.phalanx. ECO DATABASE From version XX, Phalanx has ECO database. Command 'bk' can also print ECO code and opening/variation name. This works with xboard 4.0 via "Help"/"Book" menu item. If you want to activate this feature, you must type the 'bk' command (or click the "Help"/"Book" menu item in xboard) once per session in the initial position. Then, the ECO index is created (that might take few seconds on a slow machine). The ECO index is based on positions rather than on moves so transpositions between openings can take place. The eco.phalanx file is taken from Gnuchess distribution (originally eco.pgn, but this is not real pgn). INSIDE THE MACHINE Phalanx uses (traditional) 10x12 board implementation. There are three often used board implementations: "8x8" (GNU Chess), "bitboard" (Crafty), and "10x12" (Nimzo, Phalanx). In short, "10x12" is easy to implement and the code and basic data structures are small ( == fast on PC). The engine uses many well known techniques: PVS (principal variation search), transposition/killer table, static-eval cache, history killers, SEE (static exchange evaluator), null move pruning, forward pruning, internal iterative deepening, chess-specific extensions. AUTHOR Dusan Dobes, dobes@math.muni.cz
