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 CPROTO(1)                                                         CPROTO(1)
                                  July 2010



 NAME
      cproto - generate C function prototypes and convert function
      definitions

 SYNOPSIS
      cproto [ option ... ] [ file ... ]

 DESCRIPTION
      Cproto generates function prototypes for functions defined in the
      specified C source files to the standard output.  The function
      definitions may be in the old style or ANSI C style.  Optionally,
      cproto also outputs declarations for variables defined in the files.
      If no file argument is given, cproto reads its input from the standard
      input.  By giving a command line option, cproto will also convert
      function definitions in the specified files from the old style to the
      ANSI C style.  The original source files along with files specified by

           #include "file"

      directives appearing in the source code will be overwritten with the
      converted code.  If no file names are given on the command line, then
      the program reads the source code from the standard input and outputs
      the converted source to the standard output.  If any comments appear
      in the parameter declarations for a function definition, such as in
      the example,

           main (argc, argv)
           int argc;       /* number of arguments */
           char *argv[];   /* arguments */
           {
           }

      then the converted function definition will have the form

           int
           main (
               int argc,       /* number of arguments */
               char *argv[]   /* arguments */
           )
           {
           }

      Otherwise, the converted function definition will look like

           int
           main (int argc, char *argv[])
           {
           }

      Cproto can optionally convert function definitions from the ANSI style
      to the old style.  In this mode, the program also converts function



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                                  July 2010



      declarators and prototypes that appear outside function bodies.  This
      is not a complete ANSI C to old C conversion.  The program does not
      change anything within function bodies.  Cproto can optionally
      generate source in lint-library format.  This is useful in
      environments where the lint utility is used to supplement prototype
      checking of your program.

 OPTIONS
      -e   Output the keyword extern in front of every generated prototype
           or declaration that has global scope.

      -f n Set the style of generated function prototypes where n is a
           number from 0 to 3.  For example, consider the function
           definition

                main (argc, argv)
                int argc;
                char *argv[];
                {
                }

           If the value is 0, then no prototypes are generated.  When set to
           1, the output is:

                int main(/*int argc, char *argv[]*/);

           For a value of 2, the output has the form:

                int main(int /*argc*/, char */*argv*/[]);

           The default value is 3.  It produces the full function prototype:

                int main(int argc, char *argv[]);


      -l   Generate text for a lint-library (overrides the "-f" option).
           The output includes the comment

                /* LINTLIBRARY */

           Special comments LINT_EXTERN and LINT_PREPRO (a la "VARARGS")
           respectively turn on the "-x" option and copy comment-text to the
           output (for preprocessing in lint).  Use the comment

                /* LINT_EXTERN2 */

           to include externs defined in the first level of include-files.







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 CPROTO(1)                                                         CPROTO(1)
                                  July 2010



           Use the comment

                /* LINT_SHADOWED */

           to cause cproto to put "#undef" directives before each lint
           library declaration (i.e., to avoid conflicts with macros that
           happen to have to have the same name as the functions, thus
           causing syntax errors).

      Note that these special comments are not supported under VAX/VMS,
      since there is no equivalent for the "-C" option of cpp with VAX-C.

      -c   The parameter comments in the prototypes generated by the -f1 and
           -f2 options are omitted by default.  Use this option to enable
           the output of these comments.

      -m   Put a macro around the parameter list of every generated
           prototype.  For example:

                int main P_((int argc, char *argv[]));


      -M name
           Set the name of the macro used to surround prototype parameter
           lists when option -m is selected.  The default is "P_".

      -d   Omit the definition of the prototype macro used by the -m option.

      -o file
           Specify the name of the output file (default: standard output).

      -O file
           Specify the name of the error file (default: standard error).

      -p   Disable promotion of formal parameters in old style function
           definitions.  By default, parameters of type char or short in old
           style function definitions are promoted to type int in the
           function prototype or converted ANSI C function definition.
           Parameters of type float get promoted to double as well.

      -q   Do not output any error messages when the program cannot read the
           file specified in an #include directive.

      -s   By default, cproto only generates declarations for functions and
           variables having global scope.  This option will output static
           declarations as well.

      -S   Output only static declarations.

      -i   By default, cproto only generates declarations for functions and
           variables having global scope.  This option will output inline



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 CPROTO(1)                                                         CPROTO(1)
                                  July 2010



           declarations as well.

      -T   Copy type definitions from each file.  (Definitions in
           included-files are copied, unlike the "-l" option).

      -v   Also output declarations for variables defined in the source.

      -x   This option causes procedures and variables which are declared
           "extern" to be included in the output.

      -X level
           This option limits the include-file level from which declarations
           are extracted by examining the preprocessor output.

      -a   Convert function definitions from the old style to the ANSI C
           style.

      -t   Convert function definitions from the ANSI C style to the
           traditional style.

      -b   Rewrite function definition heads to include both old style and
           new style declarations separated by a conditional compilation
           directive.  For example, the program can generate this function
           definition:

                #ifdef ANSI_FUNC

                int
                main (int argc, char *argv[])
                #else

                int
                main (argc, argv)
                int argc;
                char *argv[]
                #endif
                {
                }


      -B directive
           Set the conditional compilation directive to output at the
           beginning of function definitions generated by the -b option.
           The default is

                #ifdef ANSI_FUNC

           -P template
           -F template
           -C template
                Set the output format for generated prototypes, function



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 CPROTO(1)                                                         CPROTO(1)
                                  July 2010



                definitions, and function definitions with parameter
                comments respectively.  The format is specified by a
                template in the form

                     " int f ( a, b )"

                but you may replace each space in this string with any
                number of whitespace characters.  For example, the option

                     -F"int f(\n\ta,\n\tb\n\t)"

                will produce

                     int main(
                             int argc,
                             char *argv[]
                             )


      -D name[=value]
           This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to
           define symbols for use with conditionals such as #ifdef.

      -U name
           This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to
           remove any definitions of this symbol.

      -I directory
           This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to
           specify a directory to search for files that are referenced with
           #include.

      -E cpp
           Pipe the input files through the specified C preprocessor command
           when generating prototypes.  By default, the program uses
           /lib/cpp.

      -E 0 Do not run the C preprocessor.

      -V   Print version information.

 ENVIRONMENT
      The environment variable CPROTO is scanned for a list of options in
      the same format as the command line options.  Options given on the
      command line override any corresponding environment option.

 BUGS
      If an un-tagged struct, union or enum declaration appears in a
      generated function prototype or converted function definition, the
      content of the declaration between the braces is empty.  The program
      does not pipe the source files through the C preprocessor when it is



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 CPROTO(1)                                                         CPROTO(1)
                                  July 2010



      converting function definitions.  Instead, it tries to handle
      preprocessor directives and macros itself and can be confused by
      tricky macro expansions.  The conversion also discards some comments
      in the function definition head.  The -v option does not generate
      declarations for variables defined with the extern specifier.  This
      doesn't strictly conform to the C language standard but this rule was
      implemented because include files commonly declare variables this way.
      When the program encounters an error, it usually outputs the not very
      descriptive message "syntax error".  (Your configuration may allow the
      extended error reporting in yyerror.c).  Options that take string
      arguments only interpret the following character escape sequences:

           \n   newline
           \s   space
           \t   tab

      VARARGS comments don't get passed through on systems whose C
      preprocessors don't support this (e.g., VAX/VMS, MS-DOS).

 AUTHOR
      Chin Huang
      cthuang@vex.net
      cthuang@interlog.com

      Thomas Dickey
      dickey@invisible-island.net
      modifications to support lint library, type-copying, and port to VAX/VMS.

 SEE ALSO
      cc(1), cpp(1)
























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